Thyrotropin receptor

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The thyrotropin receptor (or TSH receptor) is a gene (and associated protein) which responds to thyroid-stimulating hormone (also known as "thyrotropin", and stimulates the production of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). The TSH receptor is a member of the G-protein coupled receptor superfamily of integral membrane proteins.

It is primarily found on the surface of the thyroid epithelial cells.

It should not be confused with "thyrotropin-releasing hormone" (TRH) or "thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptor" (TRHR).

See also

• Graves' disease

Further reading

• Führer D, Wonerow P, Willgerodt H, Paschke R (1998). Identification of a new thyrotropin receptor germline mutation (Leu629Phe) in a family with neonatal onset of autosomal dominant nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism.. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 82 (12): 4234–8.
• Farid NR, Kascur V, Balazs C (2000). The human thyrotropin receptor is highly mutable: a review of gain-of-function mutations.. Eur. J. Endocrinol. 143 (1): 25–30.
• Szkudlinski MW, Fremont V, Ronin C, Weintraub BD (2002). Thyroid-stimulating hormone and thyroid-stimulating hormone receptor structure-function relationships.. Physiol. Rev. 82 (2): 473–502.
• Tonacchera M, Vitti P, De Servi M, et al. (2004). Gain of function TSH receptor mutations and iodine deficiency: implications in iodine prophylaxis.. J. Endocrinol. Invest. 26 (2 Suppl): 2–6.
• Arturi F, Scarpelli D, Coco A, et al. (2004). Thyrotropin receptor mutations and thyroid hyperfunctioning adenomas ten years after their first discovery: unresolved questions.. Thyroid 13 (4): 341–3.
• Vaidya B, Campbell V, Tripp JH, et al. (2004). Premature birth and low birth weight associated with nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism due to an activating thyrotropin receptor gene mutation.. Clin. Endocrinol. (Oxf) 60 (6): 711–8.
• Takeshita A, Nagayama Y, Fujiyama K, et al. (1992). Molecular cloning and sequencing of an alternatively spliced form of the human thyrotropin receptor transcript.. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 188 (3): 1214–9.
• Graves PN, Tomer Y, Davies TF (1992). Cloning and sequencing of a 1.3 KB variant of human thyrotropin receptor mRNA lacking the transmembrane domain.. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 187 (2): 1135–43.
• Loosfelt H, Pichon C, Jolivet A, et al. (1992). Two-subunit structure of the human thyrotropin receptor.. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 89 (9): 3765–9.
• Nagayama Y, Russo D, Wadsworth HL, et al. (1991). Eleven amino acids (Lys-201 to Lys-211) and 9 amino acids (Gly-222 to Leu-230) in the human thyrotropin receptor are involved in ligand binding.. J. Biol. Chem. 266 (23): 14926–30.
• Murakami M, Mori M (1990). Identification of immunogenic regions in human thyrotropin receptor for immunoglobulin G of patients with Graves' disease.. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 171 (1): 512–8.
• Heldin NE, Gustavsson B, Westermark K, Westermark B (1992). A somatic point mutation in a putative ligand binding domain of the TSH receptor in a patient with autoimmune hyperthyroidism.. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 73 (6): 1374–6.
• Libert F, Passage E, Lefort A, et al. (1991). Localization of human thyrotropin receptor gene to chromosome region 14q3 by in situ hybridization.. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 54 (1-2): 82–3.
• Frazier AL, Robbins LS, Stork PJ, et al. (1991). Isolation of TSH and LH/CG receptor cDNAs from human thyroid: regulation by tissue specific splicing.. Mol. Endocrinol. 4 (8): 1264–76.
• Misrahi M, Loosfelt H, Atger M, et al. (1990). Cloning, sequencing and expression of human TSH receptor.. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 166 (1): 394–403.
• Nagayama Y, Kaufman KD, Seto P, Rapoport B (1990). Molecular cloning, sequence and functional expression of the cDNA for the human thyrotropin receptor.. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 165 (3): 1184–90.
• Libert F, Lefort A, Gerard C, et al. (1990). Cloning, sequencing and expression of the human thyrotropin (TSH) receptor: evidence for binding of autoantibodies.. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 165 (3): 1250–5.
• Cuddihy RM, Bryant WP, Bahn RS (1996). Normal function in vivo of a homozygotic polymorphism in the human thyrotropin receptor.. Thyroid 5 (4): 255–7.
• Bahn RS, Dutton CM, Heufelder AE, Sarkar G (1994). A genomic point mutation in the extracellular domain of the thyrotropin receptor in patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy.. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 78 (2): 256–60.
• Sunthornthepvarakui T, Gottschalk ME, Hayashi Y, Refetoff S (1995). Brief report: resistance to thyrotropin caused by mutations in the thyrotropin-receptor gene.. N. Engl. J. Med. 332 (3): 155–60.

External links

• Glycoprotein Hormone Receptors: TSH. IUPHAR Database of Receptors and Ion Channels. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology.
• MeSH Thyrotropin+Receptors
• GRIS: Glycoprotein-hormone Receptor Information System