Reemployment

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Personnel

Human resources

Employee absenteeism Employee assistance programs Employee attitudes Employee benefits Employee characteristics Employee efficiency Employee health insurance Employee interaction Employee leave benefits Employee motivation Employee pension plans Employee productivity Employee skills Employee termination Employee turnover Employment discrimination Employment history Employment status Labour management relations Job applicant interviews Job involvement Job knowledge Job performance Personnel evaluation Personnel recruitment Personnel selection

Reemployment is the return to work after a period of unemployment, which may have been due to any of a number of factors economic conditions, mental or physical disorders, pregnancy, physical injury, retirement etc.

Some employees can manage this transition on their own but others will require rehabilitation support to reenter the workforce.

Assessment

• Menninger Return to Work Scale

See also

• Employment status
• Job search
• Occupational choice
• Vocational rehabilitation
• Vocational counselors

References

Books

• Ashley, M. J., Ninomiya, J., Jr., Berryman, A., & Goodwin, K. (2004). Vocational Rehabilitation. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press.
• Bobek, B. L., & Robbins, S. B. (2005). Counseling for Career Transition: Career Pathing, Job Loss, and Reentry. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley & Sons Inc.
• Brodwin, M., Parker, R. M., & DeLaGarza, D. (2003). Disability and accommodation. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
• Bruyere, S. M., & Van Looy, S. A. (2005). Legislation and Rehabilitation Professionals. New York, NY: Springer Publishing Co.
• Caplan, R. D., Vinokur, A. D., & Price, R. H. (1997). From job loss to reemployment: Field experiments in prevention-focused coping. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc.
• Eakin, J. M. (2005). The Discourse of Abuse in Return-to-Work: A Hidden Epidemic of Suffering. Amityville, NY: Baywood Publishing Co.
• Franche, R.-L., & Krause, N. (2005). Readiness for Return to Work Following Injury or Illness. New York, NY: Springer Science + Business Media.
• Guilmette, T. J. (2005). Prediction of Vocational Functioning from Neuropsychological Data. New York, NY: Springer Science + Business Media.
• Gudbergsson, S. B., & Dahl, A. A. (2008). Aspects of the work situation of cancer survivors: Minerva Psichiatrica Vol 49(1) Mar 2008, 45-60.
• Jackson, D. F. (1991). Problems facing qualified women returners. Maidenhead, BRK, England: Open University Press.
• Johnson, R., & Stoten, S. (2008). Return to previous employment. Malden; Leicester, England: Blackwell Publishing; British Psychological Society.
• Kasl, S. V., & Wells, J. A. (1985). Social support and health in the middle years: Work and the family. San Diego, CA: Academic Press.
• Kristensen, O. S., & Musaeus, P. (2006). Expressions of self in a reemployment programme. Hauppauge, NY: Nova Science Publishers.
• Lechner, D. E. (1998). Functional capacity evaluation. New York, NY: Plenum Press.
• Millman, Z., & Latham, G. (2001). Increasing reemployment through training in verbal self-guidance. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
• Morris, R., & Bass, S. A. (1991). A new class in America: A revisionist view of retirement. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers.
• Roberts, G. S. (1996). Between policy and practice: Japan's Silver Human Resource Centers as viewed from the inside. New York, NY, England: Haworth Press, Inc.
• Shipley, J. T. (1961). From the teacher's side. Philadelphia, PA: Chilton Company
• Verbeek, J., & Spelten, E. (2007). Work. New York, NY: Springer Science + Business Media.
• Vinokur, A. D., Price, R. H., & Caplan, R. D. (2002). From field experiments to program implementation: Assessing the potential outcomes of an experimental intervention program for unemployed persons. New York, NY: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
• Wolf, G., Pufahl, J. M., Casey, J., & London, M. (1995). Engaging displaced employees in retraining and job creation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.

=Papers

• Ahlgren, A., Bergroth, A., Ekholm, J., & Schuldt, K. (2007). Work resumption after vocational rehabilitation: A follow-up two years after completed rehabilitation: Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation Vol 28(4) 2007, 343-354.
• Alexy, W. D., & Webb, P. M. (1999). Utility of the MMPI-2 in Work-Hardening rehabilitation: Rehabilitation Psychology Vol 44(3) Aug 1999, 266-273.
• Allan, P. (1990). Looking for work after forty: Job search experiences of older unemployed managers and professionals: Journal of Employment Counseling Vol 27(3) Sep 1990, 113-121.
• Alston, R. J. (2004). African Americans with Disabilities and the Social Security Administration's Return-to-Work Incentives: A Potential Clash of Culture and Policy: Journal of Disability Policy Studies Vol 14(4) Spr 2004, 216-221.
• Andren, D. (2007). Long-term absenteeism due to sickness in Sweden. How long does it take and what happens after? : The European Journal of Health Economics Vol 8(1) Mar 2007, 41-50.
• Armstrong-Stassen, M. (2008). Organisational practices and the postretirement employment experience of older workers: Human Resource Management Journal Vol 18(1) Jan 2008, 36-53.
• Asmundsdottir, E. E. (2004). The Worker Role Interview: A powerful tool in Icelandic work rehabilitation: Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation Vol 22(1) 2004, 21-26.
• Berglind, H., & Gerner, U. (2002). Motivation and return to work among the long-term sicklisted: An action theory perspective: Disability and Rehabilitation: An International, Multidisciplinary Journal Vol 24(14) Sep 2002, 719-726.
• Bernard, C., Dupont, P., & Gingras, M. (1996). Opinions of women on factors influencing their professional reinsertion: Canadian Journal of Counselling Vol 30(3) Jul 1996, 179-190.
• Bisiker, J., & Millinchip, K. (2007). Developing a work rehabilitation project: 'Equal pathways to work.' British Journal of Occupational Therapy Vol 70(6) Jun 2007, 259-263.
• Black, D. R., & Scott, W. A. H. (1997). Factors affecting the employment of teachers returning to the United Kingdom after teaching abroad: Educational Research Vol 39(1) Spr 1997, 37-63.
• Blackwell, T. L., Leierer, S. J., Haupt, S., & Kampitsis, A. (2002). Predictors of vocational rehabilitation return-to-work outcomes in workers' compensation: Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin Vol 46(2) Win 2002, 108-114.
• Brown, D. W. (2000). Job searching in a labyrinth of opportunity: The strategies, the contacts, the outcomes: Journal of Social Behavior & Personality Vol 15(2) Jun 2000, 227-242.
• Brown, D. W., & Konrad, A. M. (2001). Granovetter was right: The importance of weak ties to a contemporary job search: Group & Organization Management Vol 26(4) Dec 2001, 434-462.
• Brunarski, D., Shaw, L., & Doupe, L. (2008). Moving toward virtual interdisciplinary teams and a multi-stakeholder approach in community-based return-to-work care: Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation Vol 30(3) 2008, 329-336.
• Canaff, A. L. (1997). Later life career planning: A new challenge for career counselors: Journal of Employment Counseling Vol 34(2) Jun 1997, 85-93.
• Caveen, M., Dewa, C. S., & Goering, P. (2006). The influence of organizational factors on return-to-work outcomes: Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health Vol 25(2) Fal 2006, 121-142.
• Chae, M. H. (2002). Counseling reentry women: An overview: Journal of Employment Counseling Vol 39(4) Dec 2002, 146-152.
• Choi, N. G. (2001). Relationship between life satisfaction and postretirement employment among older women: International Journal of Aging & Human Development Vol 52(1) 2001, 45-70.
• Claussen, B., Bjorndal, A., & Hjort, P. F. (1993). Health and re-employment in a two year follow up of long term unemployed: Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health Vol 47(1) Feb 1993, 14-18.
• Conley, R. W. (2006). Outcome assessment of short-term vocational training for direct service supported employment workers: Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation Vol 24(3) 2006, 161-163.
• Corbiere, M., & Shen, J. (2006). A systematic review of psychological return-to-work interventions for people with mental health problems and/or physical injuries: Canadian Journal of Community Mental Health Vol 25(2) Fal 2006, 261-288.
• Couch, K. A., Jolly, N. A., & Placzek, D. W. (2009). Earnings losses of older displaced workers: A detailed analysis with administrative data: Research on Aging Vol 31(1) Jan 2009, 17-40.
• de Witte, H. (1993). Psychological consequences of long-term unemployment: Review of the literature: Psychologica Belgica Vol 33(1) 1993, 1-35.
• Della-Posta, C., & Drummond, P. D. (2006). Cognitive Behavioural Therapy Increases Re-Employment of Job Seeking Worker's Compensation Clients: Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation Vol 16(2) Jun 2006, 223-230.
• Durand, M.-J., & Loisel, P. (2001). Therapeutic return to work: Rehabilitation in the workplace: Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation Vol 17(1) 2001, 57-64.
• Durand, M.-J., Loisel, P., Hong, Q. N., & Charpentier, N. (2002). Helping clinicians in work disability prevention: The Work Disability Diagnosis Interview: Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation Vol 12(3) Sep 2002, 191-204.
• Eden, D., & Aviram, A. (1993). Self-efficacy training to speed reemployment: Helping people to help themselves: Journal of Applied Psychology Vol 78(3) Jun 1993, 352-360.
• Edwards, J. M., Rudisill, J. R., Champney, T. F., Hershberger, P. J., Polaine, V. H., & Archambault, D. L. (1998). Outplacement: Client characteristics and outcomes: Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research Vol 50(3) Sum 1998, 173-180.
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• Feldman, D. C., Leana, C. R., & Bolino, M. C. (2002). Underemployment and relative deprivation among re-employed executives: Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology Vol 75(4) Dec 2002, 453-471.
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• Franche, R.-L., Baril, R., Shaw, W., Nicholas, M., & Loisel, P. (2005). Workplace-Based Return-to-Work Interventions: Optimizing the Role of Stakeholders in Implementation and Research: Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation Vol 15(4) Dec 2005, 525-542.
• Franche, R.-L., Cullen, K., Clarke, J., Irvin, E., Sinclair, S., & Frank, J. (2005). Workplace-Based Return-to-Work Interventions: A Systematic Review of the Quantitative Literature: Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation Vol 15(4) Dec 2005, 607-631.
• Franche, R.-L., & Krause, N. (2002). Readiness for Return to Work Following Injury or Illness: Conceptualizing the Interpersonal Impact of Health Care, Workplace, and Insurance Factors: Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation Vol 12(4) Dec 2002, 233-256.
• Friesen, M. N., Yassi, A., & Cooper, J. (2001). Return-to-work: The importance of human interactions and organization structures: Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation Vol 17(1) 2001, 11-22.
• Gamel, C., Balsan, D., & Vero, J. (2006). The impact of basic income on the propensity to work: Theoretical issues and micro-econometric results: The Journal of Socio-Economics Vol 35(3) Jun 2006, 476-497.
• Gibson, L., & Strong, J. (2002). Expert review of an approach to functional capacity evaluation: Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation Vol 19(3) 2002, 231-242.
• Gowan, M. A., & Lepak, D. (2007). Current and future value of human capital: Predictors of reemployment compensation following a job loss: Journal of Employment Counseling Vol 44(3) Sep 2007, 135-144.
• Guindon, M. H. (2002). Issues of the delayed or reentry worker. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.
• Guindon, M. H., & Smith, B. (2002). Emotional barriers to successful reemployment: Implications for counselors: Journal of Employment Counseling Vol 39(2) Jun 2002, 73-82.
• Hammer, T. (2003). The Probability for Unemployed Young People to Re-Enter Education or Employment: A comparative study in six Northern European countries: British Journal of Sociology of Education Vol 24(2) Apr 2003, 209-223.
• Hanisch, K. A. (1999). Job loss and unemployment research from 1994 to 1998: A review and recommendations for research and intervention: Journal of Vocational Behavior Vol 55(2) Oct 1999, 188-220.
• Hansen, A., Edlund, C., & Branholm, I.-B. (2005). Significant resources needed for return to work after sick leave: Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation Vol 25(3) 2005, 231-240.
• Hansen, A., Edlund, C., & Henningsson, M. (2006). Factors relevant to a return to work: A multivariate approach: Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation Vol 26(2) 2006, 179-190.
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• Holmes, B. H., & Werbel, J. D. (1992). Finding work following job loss: The role of coping resources: Journal of Employment Counseling Vol 29(1) Mar 1992, 22-29.
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• Hovorka-Mead, A. D., Ross, W. H., Jr., Whipple, T., & Renchin, M. B. (2002). Watching the detectives: Seasonal student employee reactions to electronic monitoring with and without advance notification: Personnel Psychology Vol 55(2) Sum 2002, 329-362.
• Isernhagen, S. J. (2006). Job matching and return to work: Occupational rehabilitation as the link: Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation Vol 26(3) 2006, 237-242.
• Jakobsson, B., Bergroth, A., Ekholm, J., Ekholm, K. S., & Svedlund, M. (2008). Multi-professional vocational rehabilitation group meetings with female clients: A qualitative study: Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation Vol 30(4) 2008, 413-421.
• James, P., Cunningham, I., & Dibben, P. (2006). Job retention and return to work of ill and injured workers: Towards an understanding of the organisational dynamics: Employee Relations Vol 28(3) 2006, 290-303.
• Joseph, L. M., & Greenberg, M. A. (2001). The effects of a career transition program on reemployment success in laid-off professionals: Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research Vol 53(3) Sum 2001, 169-181.
• Karrholm, J., Ekholm, K., Jakobsson, B., Ekholm, J., Bergroth, A., & Schuldt, K. (2006). Effects on work resumption of a co-operation project in vocational rehabilitation. Systematic, multi-professional, client-centred and solution-oriented co-operation: Disability and Rehabilitation: An International, Multidisciplinary Journal Vol 28(7) Apr 2006, 457-467.
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• Kinicki, A. J., Prussia, G. E., & McKee-Ryan, F. M. (2000). A panel study of coping with involuntary job loss: Academy of Management Journal Vol 43(1) Feb 2000, 90-100.
• Kivisto, S., Verbeek, J. H., Hirvonen, M., & Varonen, H. (2008). Return-to-work policies in Finnish occupational health services: Occupational Medicine Vol 58(2) Mar 2008, 88-93.
• Kobelt, A., Grosch, E. V., & Gutenbrunner, C. (2006). How Relevant are the Benefits for Participation at Working Life for Psychosomatic Inpatient Rehabilitation? : Psychotherapie Psychosomatik Medizinische Psychologie Vol 56(1) Jan 2006, 15-22.
• Koeber, C., & Wright, D. W. (2006). Gender differences in the reemployment status of displaced workers human capital as signals that mitigate effects of bias: The Journal of Socio-Economics Vol 35(5) Oct 2006, 780-796.
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• Korzycki, M., Korzycki, M., & Shaw, L. (2008). Left behind in the return-to-work journey: Consumer insights for policy change and practice strategies: Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation Vol 30(3) 2008, 277-287.
• Labriola, M. (2008). Conceptual framework of sickness absence and return to work, focusing on both the individual and the contextual level: Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation Vol 30(4) 2008, 377-387.
• Labriola, M., Lund, T., Christensen, K. B., Albertsen, K., Bultmann, U., Jensen, J. N., et al. (2007). Does self-efficacy predict return-to-work after sickness absence? A prospective study among 930 employees with sickness absence for three weeks or more: Work: Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation Vol 29(3) 2007, 233-238.
• Labriola, M., Lund, T., Christensen, K. B., & Kristensen, T. S. (2006). Multilevel Analysis of Individual and Contextual Factors as Predictors of Return to Work: Journal of Occupational & Environmental Medicine Vol 48(11) Nov 2006, 1181-1188.
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Dissertations

• Ashworth, J. K. (1999). Predictors of stages of work hardening rehabilitation outcome. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
• Battista, M. (1997). Motivation for reemployment: The role of self-efficacy and identity. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
• Bernard, J. A. C. (1996). Effect of interim personal contact on employee organizational reentry after a long-term developmental assignment. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
• Bradford-Bearkley, P. F. (2002). Reentry of the mature individual into the active workforce after retirement: Assessment of perceived cognitive and social training needs. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
• Carey, R. M. (1994). A study of a plant closing process and its impact on the workforce. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
• Franco, J. C. (2006). A quantitative and qualitative comparison of the results of two assessment modalities used with dislocated workers. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
• Georgelas, P. J. (1997). Toward a substantive theory of leadership status attachment in high-level executives as affected by job displacement: A grounded theory analysis. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
• Gilberto, L. M. (1997). Downsized expectations: Older women coping with job loss. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
• Hangartner, B. (1997). Everything looks like it's in technicolor. Women in midlife return to paid work: A sister book from personal narratives. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
• Haspeslagh, J. A. (1991). Recovering nurses' perceptions of job re-entry: Dissertation Abstracts International.
• Ingle, J. C. (1999). Loss, learning and rebuilding: A case study of the phenomenon of involuntary job loss.(job loss, life transitions). Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
• Jandro, B. K. (2008). Mature job seekers' perspectives on career change as a reemployment strategy. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
• Jayashree, V., & Rao, T. R. (1991). Effects of work status on adjustment and the life satisfaction of the elderly: Indian Journal of Clinical Psychology Vol 18(2) Sep 1991, 41-44.
• Jimenez-Martin, S., Labeaga, J. M., & Prieto, C. V. (2006). A sequential model of older workers' labor force transitions after a health shock: Health Economics Vol 15(9) Sep 2006, 1033-1054.
• Joseph, L. M. (1999). The effects of guided mental imagery on subsequent reemployment success in recently laid-off white-collar workers. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
• Loomis, R. C. (2005). Relation of psychosocioeconomic variables and elapsed time out of work to intent to return to work among chronic pain patients. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
• Luciano, J. M. (1997). Involuntary job loss: An examination of the factors that predict reemployment and satisfaction with outplacement services. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
• Macaux, W. P. (1997). Predictors of job search outcome for unemployed professionals in an outplacement setting. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
• Millman, Z. (1997). Integrating attribution theory, social cognitive theory, and training in self-talk to enhance job search behavior. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
• Newsome, S. D. (1998). A longitudinal investigation of the reemployment process. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
• Olsheski, J. A. (1992). Validation of the Menninger Return to Work Scale as a selection tool in rehabilitation: Dissertation Abstracts International.
• Pearson, B. (1999). Variables that predict successful outcome for a hospital-based work hardening program. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
• Randolph, C. Y. (2001). Correlates of psychological well-being and return to work decisions after the onset of end-stage renal disease. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
• Song, Z. (2005). An empirical investigation of a job search and reemployment model in the motivational and self-regulatory framework. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
• Stone, M. E. (2006). Effects of expressive writing on reemployment following unexpected job loss. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
• Thurman, C. C. (2004). The effect of a collective, formal, serial socialization program for recalled employees on employee behaviors and attitudes. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
• Wesselink, N. B. (2008). The effect of two crisis debriefing models on sick time, absenteeism/tardiness, and return to duty in police officers in three Georgia law enforcement agencies. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
• Wiegmann, S. M. (1994). Health locus-of-control beliefs and rehabilitation progress of participants in a return-to-work program. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
• Wrzesniewski, A. E. (1999). Jobs, careers, and callings: Work orientation and job transitions. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.