Positive and negative symptoms

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Symptoms in schizophrenia can be categorised in two ways:

• Positive symptoms (those additional to normal experience and behavior) 'Positive symptoms' describe psychosis and typically include delusions, hallucinations and thought disorder.

• Negative symptoms describe inappropriate or nonpresent emotion, poverty of speech, and lack of motivation.

In three-factor models of schizophrenia, a third symptom grouping, the so-called disorganization syndrome, is also given. This considers thought disorder and related disorganized behavior to be in a separate symptom cluster from delusions and hallucinations.

Assessment

• Scale for the Assessment of Negative Symptoms
• Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale

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See also

• Blunted affect
• Negative symptoms of schizophrenia

Additional material

Papers

• Google Scholar