Magnetism

Biological: Behavioural genetics · Evolutionary psychology · Neuroanatomy · Neurochemistry · Neuroendocrinology · Neuroscience · Psychoneuroimmunology · Physiological Psychology · Psychopharmacology (Index, Outline)

This article is in need of attention from a psychologist/academic expert on the subject.
Please help recruit one, or improve this page yourself if you are qualified.
This banner appears on articles that are weak and whose contents should be approached with academic caution.

This article needs rewriting to enhance its relevance to psychologists..
Please help to improve this page yourself if you can..

In physics, magnetism is one of the phenomena by which materials exert attractive or repulsive forces on other materials. Some well-known materials that exhibit easily detectable magnetic properties (called magnets) are nickel, iron, cobalt, and their alloys; however, all materials are influenced to greater or lesser degree by the presence of a magnetic field.

Magnetism also has other manifestations in physics, particularly as one of the two components of electromagnetic waves such as light.

Physics of magnetism[]

Magnets and magnetic materials[]

Main article: Magnet

Every electron, by its nature, is a small magnet (see Electron magnetic dipole moment). Ordinarily, the countless electrons in a material are randomly oriented in different directions, leaving no effect on average, but in a bar magnet the electrons are aligned in the same direction, so they act cooperatively, creating a net magnetic field.

In addition to the electron's intrinsic magnetic field, there is sometimes an additional magnetic field that results from the electron's orbital motion about the nucleus. This effect is analogous to how a current-carrying loop of wire generates a magnetic field (see Magnetic dipole). Again, ordinarily, the motion of the electrons is such that there is no average field from the material, but in certain conditions, the motion can line up so as to produce a measurable total field.

The overall magnetic behavior of a material can vary widely, depending on the structure of the material, and particularly on its electron configuration. Several forms of magnetic behavior have been observed in different materials, including:

Diamagnetism
Paramagnetism
- Molecular magnet
Ferromagnetism
- Antiferromagnetism
- Ferrimagnetism
- Metamagnetism
Spin glass
Superparamagnetism

Magnetism, electricity, and special relativity[]

Main article: Electromagnetism

As a consequence of Einstein's theory of special relativity, electricity and magnetism are understood to be fundamentally interlinked. Both magnetism lacking electricity, and electricity without magnetism, are inconsistent with special relativity, due to such effects as length contraction, time dilation, and the fact that the magnetic force is velocity-dependent. However, when both electricity and magnetism are taken into account, the resulting theory (electromagnetism) is fully consistent with special relativity^[1]^[2]. In particular, a phenomenon that appears purely electric to one observer may be purely magnetic to another, or more generally the relative contributions of electricity and magnetism are dependent on the frame of reference. Thus, special relativity "mixes" electricity and magnetism into a single, inseparable phenomenon called electromagnetism (analogously to how special relativity "mixes" space and time into spacetime).

Magnetic fields and forces[]

Magnet0873 — Magnetic lines of force of a bar magnet shown by iron filings on paper

Main article: Magnetic field

The phenomenon of magnetism is "mediated" by the magnetic field -- i.e., an electric current or magnetic dipole creates a magnetic field, and that field, in turn, imparts magnetic forces on other particles that are in the fields.

To an excellent approximation (but ignoring some quantum effects---see quantum electrodynamics), Maxwell's equations (which simplify to the Biot-Savart law in the case of steady currents) describe the origin and behavior of the fields that govern these forces. Therefore magnetism is seen whenever electrically charged particles are in motion---for example, from movement of electrons in an electric current, or in certain cases from the orbital motion of electrons around an atom's nucleus. They also arise from "intrinsic" magnetic dipoles arising from quantum effects, i.e. from quantum-mechanical spin.

The same situations which create magnetic fields (charge moving in a current or in an atom, and intrinsic magnetic dipoles) are also the situations in which a magnetic field has an effect, creating a force. Following is the formula for moving charge; for the forces on an intrinsic dipole, see magnetic dipole.

When a charged particle moves through a magnetic field B, it feels a force F given by the cross product:

\vec{F} = q \vec{v} \times \vec{B}

where $q\,$ is the electric charge of the particle, $\vec v\,$ is the velocity vector of the particle, and ${\vec {B}}\,$ is the magnetic field. Because this is a cross product, the force is perpendicular to both the motion of the particle and the magnetic field. It follows that the magnetic force does no work on the particle; it may change the direction of the particle's movement, but it cannot cause it to speed up or slow down. The magnitude of the force is

F=qvB\sin\theta\,

where $\theta \,$ is the angle between the $\vec v\,$ and ${\vec {B}}\,$ vectors.

One tool for determining the direction of the velocity vector of a moving charge, the magnetic field, and the force exerted is labeling the index finger "V", the middle finger "B", and the thumb "F" with your right hand. When making a gun-like configuration (with the middle finger crossing under the index finger), the fingers represent the velocity vector, magnetic field vector, and force vector, respectively. See also right hand rule.

Lenz's law gives the direction of the induced electromotive force (emf) and current resulting from electromagnetic induction. German physicist Heinrich Lenz formulated it in 1834.

Magnetic dipoles[]

Main article: Magnetic dipole

A very common source of magnetic field shown in nature is a dipole, with a "South pole" and a "North pole"; terms dating back to the use of magnets as compasses, interacting with the Earth's magnetic field to indicate North and South on the globe. Since opposite ends of magnets are attracted, the north pole of a magnet is attracted to the south pole of another magnet. Interestingly, this concept of opposite polaraties attracting wasn't used in the naming convention for the earth's magnetic field, so the earth's magnetic north pole (in Canada) attracts the magnetic north pole of a compass see North Magnetic Pole.

A magnetic field contains energy, and physical systems stabilize into the configuration with the lowest energy. Therefore, when placed in a magnetic field, a magnetic dipole tends to align itself in opposed polarity to that field, thereby canceling the net field strength as much as possible and lowering the energy stored in that field to a minimum. For instance, two identical bar magnets placed side-to-side normally line up North to South, resulting in a much smaller net magnetic field, and resist any attempts to reorient them to point in the same direction. The energy required to reorient them in that configuration is then stored in the resulting magnetic field, which is double the strength of the field of each individual magnet. (This is, of course, why a magnet used as a compass interacts with the Earth's magnetic field to indicate North and South).

An alternative, equivalent formulation, which is often easier to apply but perhaps offers less insight, is that a magnetic dipole in a magnetic field experiences a torque and a force which can be expressed in terms of the field and the strength of the dipole (i.e., its magnetic dipole moment). For these equations, see magnetic dipole.

Magnetic monopoles[]

Main article: Magnetic monopole

Since a bar magnet gets its ferromagnetism from electrons distributed evenly throughout the bar, when a bar magnet is cut in half, each of the resulting pieces is a smaller bar magnet. Even though a magnet is said to have a north pole and a south pole, these two poles cannot be separated from each other. A monopole — if such a thing exists — would be a new and fundamentally different kind of magnetic object. It would act as an isolated north pole, not attached to a south pole, or vice versa. Monopoles would carry "magnetic charge" analogous to electric charge. Despite systematic searches since 1931, as of 2006, they have never been observed, and could very well not exist.^[3]

Nevertheless, some theoretical physics models predict the existence of these magnetic monopoles. Paul Dirac observed in 1931 that, because electricity and magnetism show a certain symmetry, just as quantum theory predicts that individual positive or negative electric charges can be observed without the opposing charge, isolated South or North magnetic poles should be observable. Using quantum theory Dirac showed that if magnetic monopoles exist, then one could explain the quantization of electric charge---that is, why the observed elementary particles carry charges that are multiples of the charge of the electron.

Certain grand unified theories predict the existence of monopoles which, unlike elementary particles, are solitons (localized energy packets). The initial results of using these models to estimate the number of monopoles created in the big bang contradicted cosmological observations — the monopoles would have been so plentiful and massive that they would have long since halted the expansion of the universe. However, the idea of inflation (for which this problem served as a partial motivation) was successful in solving this problem, creating models in which monopoles existed but were rare enough to be consistent with current observations.^[4]

Units of electromagnetism[]

SI units related to magnetism[]

Other units[]

gauss-The gauss, abbreviated as G, is the cgs unit of magnetic flux density or magnetic induction (B).
oersted-The oersted is the CGS unit of magnetic field strength.
maxwell-is the CGS unit for the magnetic flux.
μ_o -common symbol for the permeability of free space (4πx10^-7 N/(ampere-turn)²).

References[]

Furlani, Edward P. (2001). Permanent Magnet and Electromechanical Devices: Materials, Analysis and Applications, Academic Press. ISBN 0-12-269951-3.
Griffiths, David J. (1998). Introduction to Electrodynamics (3rd ed.), Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-805326-X.
Kronmüller,Helmut. (2007). Handbook of Magnetism and Advanced Magnetic Materials, 5 Volume Set, John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-02217-7.
Tipler, Paul (2004). Physics for Scientists and Engineers: Electricity, Magnetism, Light, and Elementary Modern Physics (5th ed.), W. H. Freeman. ISBN 0-7167-0810-8.

↑ A. Einstein: "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", June 30, 1905. http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/www/.
↑ Griffiths, David J. (1998). Introduction to Electrodynamics, 3rd ed., Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-805326-X., chapter 12
↑ Milton mentions some inconclusive events (p.60) and still concludes that "no evidence at all of magnetic monopoles has survived" (p.3). Milton, Kimball A. (June 2006). Theoretical and experimental status of magnetic monopoles. Reports on Progress in Physics 69 (6): 1637-1711..
↑ Guth, Alan (1997). The Inflationary Universe: The Quest for a New Theory of Cosmic Origins, Perseus. ISBN 0-201-32840-2..

Further reading[]

Able, K. P., & Able, M. A. (1990). Ontogeny of migratory orientation in the savannah sparrow, Passerculus sandwichensis: Calibration of the magnetic compass: Animal Behaviour Vol 39(5) May 1990, 905-913.
Able, K. P., & Able, M. A. (1993). Magnetic orientation in the Savannah sparrow: Ethology Vol 93(4) Apr 1993, 337-343.
Akesson, S. (1993). Effect of geomagnetic field on orientation of the marsh warbler, Acrocephalus palustris, in Sweden and Kenya: Animal Behaviour Vol 46(6) Dec 1993, 1157-1167.
Akesson, S. (1994). Comparative orientation experiments with different species of passerine long-distance migrants: Effect of magnetic field manipulation: Animal Behaviour Vol 48(6) Dec 1994, 1379-1393.
Akesson, S., & Backman, J. (1999). Orientation in pied flycatchers: The relative importance of magnetic and visual information at dusk: Animal Behaviour Vol 57(4) Apr 1999, 819-828.
Akesson, S., Morin, J., Muheim, R., & Ottosson, U. (2002). Avian orientation: Effects of cue-conflict experiments with young migratory songbirds in the high Arctic: Animal Behaviour Vol 64(3) Sep 2002, 469-475.
Alerstam, T. (2003). The lobster navigators: Nature Vol 421(6918) Jan 2003, 27-28.
Al-Maliki, S. J. (1994). The behavioural and reproductive consequences in offspring (first generation) of mice continuously exposed to a strong magnetic field: Behavioural Processes Vol 32(3) Nov 1994, 229-234.
Al-Maliki, S. J., & Al-Rawi, F. (1992). Effect of chronic exposure to a magnetic field on two forms of murine aggression: Behavioural Processes Vol 27(3) Oct 1992, 171-178.
Alonso, P., Pujol, J., Cardoner, N., Benlloch, L., Deus, J., Menchon, J. M., et al. (2001). Right prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 158(7) Jul 2001, 1143-1145.
Alsop, B. (1987). A failure to obtain magnetic discrimination in the pigeon: Animal Learning & Behavior Vol 15(2) May 1987, 110-114.
Amano, K., Kuriki, I., & Takeda, T. (2005). Direction-specific adaptation of magnetic responses to motion onset: Vision Research Vol 45(19) Sep 2005, 2533-2548.
Amassian, V. E., Cracco, R. Q., Maccabee, P. J., Cracco, J. B., & et al. (1989). Suppression of visual perception by magnetic coil stimulation of human occipital cortex: Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology: Evoked Potentials Vol 74(6) Nov-Dec 1989, 458-462.
Amassian, V. E., Maccabee, P. J., Cracco, R. Q., Cracco, J. B., & et al. (1994). The polarity of the induced electric field influences magnetic coil inhibition of human visual cortex: Implications for the site of excitation: Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology: Electromyography & Motor Control Vol 93(1) Feb 1994, 21-26.
Ammon, K., & Gandevia, S. C. (1990). Transcranial magnetic stimulation can influence the selection of motor programmes: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry Vol 53(8) Aug 1990, 705-707.
Anand, S., & Hotson, J. (2002). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: Neurophysiological applications and safety: Brain and Cognition Vol 50(3) Dec 2002, 366-386.
Andres, M., Seron, X., & Olivier, E. (2005). Hemispheric lateralization of number comparison: Cognitive Brain Research Vol 25(1) Sep 2005, 283-290.
Anninos, P. A., & Tsagas, N. (1993). Behavior of epileptic patients after magnetic stimulation. Hillsdale, NJ, England: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc.
Arango, M. A., & Persinger, M. A. (1988). Geophysical variables and behavior: LII. Decreased geomagnetic activity and spontaneous telepathic experiences from the Sidgwick collection: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 67(3) Dec 1988, 907-910.
Arnoldus, H. F., & Foley, J. T. (2002). Traveling and evanescent parts of the electromagnetic Greens tensor: Journal of the Optical Society of America, A, Optics, Image Science & Vision Vol 19(8) Aug 2002, 1701-1711.
Ashbridge, E., Walsh, V., & Cowey, A. (1997). Temporal aspects of visual search studied by transcranial magnetic stimulation: Neuropsychologia Vol 35(8) Aug 1997, 1121-1131.
Avery, D. H., Claypoole, K., Robinson, L., Neumaier, J. F., Dunner, D. L., Scheele, L., et al. (1999). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of medication-resistant depression: Preliminary data: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease Vol 187(2) Feb 1999, 114-117.
Bailey, C. J., Karhu, J., & Ilmoniemi, R. J. (2001). Transcranial magnetic stimulation as a tool for cognitive studies: Scandinavian Journal of Psychology Vol 42(3) Jul 2001, 297-305.
Bailly, J.-S., Franklin, De, B., Lavoisier, Majault, Sallin, et al. (2002). Secret report on mesmerism, or animal magnetism: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis Vol 50(4) Oct 2002, 364-368.
Baker-Price, L., & Persinger, M. A. (2003). Intermittent burst-firing weak (1 microTesla) magnetic fields reduce psychometric depression in patients who sustained closed head injuries: A replication and electroencephalographic validation: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 96(3) Jun 2003, 965-974.
Banaclocha, M. A. M. (2007). Neuromagnetic dialogue between neuronal minicolumns and astroglial network: A new approach for memory and cerebral computation: Brain Research Bulletin Vol 73(1-3) Jun 2007, 21-27.
Banks, A. N., & Srygley, R. B. (2003). Orientation by magnetic field in leaf-cutter ants, Atta colombica (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Ethology Vol 109(10) Oct 2003, 835-846.
Bartres-Faz, D., Tormos, J. M., Junque, C., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2000). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: Contributions to psychiatry and to the study of the brain-behavior relationship: Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria Vol 28(2) Mar-Apr 2000, 130-136.
Basile, L. F. H., Brunder, D. G., Tarkka, I. M., & Papanicolaou, A. C. (1997). Magnetic fields from human prefrontal cortex differ during two recognition tasks: International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol 27(1) Jul 1997, 29-41.
Beale, I. L. (1997). The effects of electromagnetic fields on mental and physical health: Journal of Child and Family Studies Vol 6(3) Sep 1997, 273-288.
Beason, R. C. (1992). You can get there from here: Responses to simulated magnetic equator crossing by the bobolink (Dolichonyx oryzivorus): Ethology Vol 91(1) May 1992, 75-80.
Beason, R. C., Wiltschko, R., & Wiltschko, W. (1997). Pigeon homing: Effects of magnetic pulses on initial orientation: Auk Vol 114(3) Jul 1997, 405-415.
Becker, R. O. (1992). Electromagnetism and psi phenomena: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research Vol 86(1) Jan 1992, 1-17.
Belmaker, R. H., & Fleischmann, A. (1995). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: A potential new frontier in psychiatry: Biological Psychiatry Vol 38(7) Oct 1995, 419-421.
Benhamou, S., Bonadonna, F., & Jouventin, P. (2003). Successful homing of magnet-carrying white-chinned petrels released in the open sea: Animal Behaviour Vol 65(4) Apr 2003, 729-734.
Berger, R. E., & Persinger, M. A. (1991). Geophysical variables and behavior: LXVII. Quieter annual geomagnetic activity and larger effect size for experimental psi (ESP) studies over six decades: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 73(3, Pt 2), Spec Issue Dec 1991, 1219-1223.
Berman, R. M., Narasimhan, M., Sanacora, G., Miano, A. P., Hoffman, R. E., Hu, X. S., et al. (2000). A randomized clinical trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of major depression: Biological Psychiatry Vol 47(4) Feb 2000, 332-337.
Besson, J. A., & et al. (1984). Cognitive evaluation following NMR imaging of the brain: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry Vol 47(3) Mar 1984, 314-316.
Bingman, V. P. (1987). Earth's magnetism and the nocturnal orientation of migratory European Robins: Auk Vol 104(3) Jul 1987, 523-525.
Bingman, V. P., & Wiltschko, W. (1988). Orientation of Dunnocks (Prunella modularis) at sunset: Ethology formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie Vol 77(1) Jan 1988, 1-9.
Blomme, C. G., Parker, G. H., & Persinger, M. A. (1990). Operant detection of extremely low frequency magnetic fields by the domestic pigeon Columba livia: Bird Behavior Vol 8(2) Jul 1990, 73-78.
Boechat-Barros, R., & Brasil-Neto, J. P. (2004). Aspects of transcranial magnetic stimulation history and evolution: Jornal Brasileiro de Psiquiatria Vol 53(3) May-Jun 2004, 198-202.
Bohotin, V., Fumal, A., Vandenheede, M., Gerard, P., Bohotin, C., de Noordhout, A. M., et al. (2002). Effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on visual evoked potentials in migraine: Brain: A Journal of Neurology Vol 125(4) Apr 2002, 912-922.
Boles, L. C., & Lohmann, K. J. (2003). True navigation and magnetic maps in spiny lobsters: Nature Vol 421(6918) Jan 2003, 60-63.
Bongartz, W. (1988). Treatment of phantom limb pains with "animal magnetism": A case history: Experimentelle und Klinische Hypnose Vol 4(1) 1988, 1-10.
Booth, J. N., Charette, J. C., & Persinger, M. A. (2002). Ranking of stimuli that evoked memories in significant others after exposure to circumcerebral magnetic fields: Correlations with ambient geomagnetic activity: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 95(2) Oct 2002, 555-558.
Booth, J. N., Koren, S. A., & Persinger, M. A. (2005). Increased feelings of the sensed presence and increased geomagnetic activity at the time of the experience during exposures to transcerebral weak complex magnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 115(7) Jul 2005, 1053-1079.
Boroojerdi, B., Prager, A., Muellbacher, W., & Cohen, L. G. (2000). Reduction of human visual cortex excitability using 1-Hz transcranial magnetic stimulation: Neurology Vol 54(7) Apr 2000, 1529-1531.
Bortkiewicz, A., Zmyslony, M., Szyjkowska, A., & Gadzicka, E. (2004). Subjective Symptoms Reported by People Living in the Vicinity of Cellular Phone Base Stations: A Review of the Studies: Medycyna Pracy Vol 55(4) 2004, 345-351.
Boutros, N. N., Gueorguieva, R., Hoffman, R. E., Oren, D. A., Feingold, A., & Berman, R. M. (2002). Lack of a therapeutic effect of a 2-week sub-threshold transcranial magnetic stimulation course for treatment-resistant depression: Psychiatry Research Vol 113(3) Dec 2002, 245-254.
Braithwaite, J. J. (2005). Using digital magnetometry to quantify anomalous magnetic fields associated with spontaneous strange experiences: The magnetic anomaly detection system (MADS): Journal of Parapsychology Vol 69(1) Spr 2005, 151-171.
Braithwaite, J. J., & Townsend, M. (2005). Research Note: Sleeping With the Entity - A Quantitative Magnetic Investigation of an English Castle's Reputedly 'Haunted' Bedroom: European Journal of Parapsychology Vol 20(1) 2005, 65-78.
Brasil-Neto, J. P., Pascual-Leone, A., Valls-Sole, J., Cohen, L. G., & et al. (1992). Focal transcranial magnetic stimulation and response bias in a forced-choice task: Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry Vol 55(10) Oct 1992, 964-966.
Braud, W. G., & Dennis, S. P. (1989). Geophysical variables and behavior: LVIII. Autonomic activity, hemolysis, and biological psychokinesis: Possible relationships with geomagnetic field activity: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 68(3, Pt 2) Jun 1989, 1243-1254.
Burgess, A. (2002). Comparing national responses to perceived health risks from mobile phone masts: Health, Risk & Society Vol 4(2) Jul 2002, 175-188.
Burns, C. M., & Stuart, G. W. (2000). New somatic treatment in psychiatric care: Transcranial magnetic stimulation and vagal nerve stimulation: Journal of the American Psychiatric Nurses Association Vol 6(6) Dec 2000, 203-206.
Burt, T., Lisanby, S. H., & Sackeim, H. A. (2002). Neuropsychiatric applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation: A meta analysis: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology Vol 5(1) Mar 2002, 73-103.
Bush, A. M. (1993). Effect of high latitude on the variability of human event-related brain potentials: Dissertation Abstracts International.
Cain, D. P., Beiko, J., & Boon, F. (1997). Navigation in the maze: The role of proximal and distal visual cues, path integration, and magnetic field information: Psychobiology Vol 25(4) Dec 1997, 286-293.
Campbell, P., & McConkey, K. M. (2002). The Franklin Commission report, in light of past and present understanding of hypnosis: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis Vol 50(4) Oct 2002, 387-396.
Canedo, L., Cantu, R. G., & Hernandez-R, J. (2003). Magnetic field exposure during gestation: Pineal and cerebral cortex serotonin in the rat: International Journal of Developmental Neuroscience Vol 21(5) Aug 2003, 263-266.
Cappa, S. F., Sandrini, M., Rossini, P. M., Sosta, K., & Miniussi, C. (2002). The role of the left frontal lobe in action naming: rTMS evidence: Neurology Vol 59(5) Sep 2002, 720-723.
Caramia, M. D., Scalise, A., Gordon, R., Michalewski, H. J., & Starr, A. (2000). Delayed facilitation of motor cortical excitability following repetitive finger movements: Clinical Neurophysiology Vol 111(9) Sep 2000, 1654-1660.
Carman, G. J., Walker, M. M., & Lee, A. K. (1987). Attempts to demonstrate magnetic discrimination by homing pigeons in flight: Animal Learning & Behavior Vol 15(2) May 1987, 124-129.
Carpenter, D. O. (1997). Possible side effects of electromagnetic fields on the nervous system and development: Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews Vol 3(3) 1997, 270-274.
Cassel, J.-C., Cosquer, B., Galani, R., & Kuster, N. (2004). Whole-body exposure to 2.45 GHz electromagnetic fields does not alter radial-maze performance in rats: Behavioural Brain Research Vol 155(1) Nov 2004, 37-43.
Castillo, E. M., Simos, P. G., Venkataraman, V., Breier, J. I., Wheless, J. W., & Papanicolaou, A. C. (2001). Mapping of expressive language cortex using magnetic source imaging: Neurocase Vol 7(5) Oct 2001, 419-422.
Catafau, A. M., Perez, V., Gironell, A., Martin, J. C., Kulisevsky, J., Estorch, M., et al. (2001). SPECT mapping of cerebral activity changes induced by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depressed patients: A pilot study: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging Vol 106(3) May 2001, 151-160.
Cendelin, J., Voller, J., Zalud, V., Barcal, J., & Vozeh, F. (2001). The effect of high frequency electromagnetic field on spatial learning in two strains of Lurcher mutant mice: Homeostasis in Health and Disease Vol 41(5) 2001, 206-208.
Chae, J.-H., Li, X., Nahas, Z., Kozel, F. A., & George, M. S. (2001). A review of the new minimally invasive brain stimulation techniques in psychiatry: Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria Vol 23(2) Jun 2001, 100-109.
Chae, J.-H., Nahas, Z., Li, X., & George, M. S. (2001). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry: Research and therapeutic applications: International Review of Psychiatry Vol 13(1) Feb 2001, 18-23.
Chapellier, P. L., & Matta, B. (2005). An approach to pain relief using magnetic pulses: Mechanisms, evaluations and experimentation with a case of heliomagnetic therapy: Douleur et Analgesie Vol 18(3) 2005, 87-98.
Chauvin, R., & Varjean, B. (1990). Is it possible to strengthen the psi effect using a very weak magnetic field? : Journal of the Society for Psychical Research Vol 56(818) Jan 1990, 96-97.
Che, Y., Sun, H., Cui, Y., Zhou, D., & Ma, Y. (2007). Effects of exposure to 50 Hz magnetic field of 1 mT on the performance of detour learning task by chicks: Brain Research Bulletin Vol 74(1-3) Sep 2007, 178-182.
Choleris, E., Thomas, A. W., Ossenkopp, K.-P., Kavaliers, M., Valsecchi, P., & Prato, F. S. (2000). Sex differences in conditioned taste aversion and in the effects of exposure to a specific pulsed magnetic field in deer mice Peromyscus maniculatus: Physiology & Behavior Vol 71(3-4) Nov 2000, 237-249.
Churchill, D. R., Persinger, M. A., & Thomas, A. W. (1994). Geophysical variables and behavior: LXXVII. Increased geomagnetic activity and decreased pleasantness of spontaneous narratives for percipients but not agents: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 79(1, Pt 2), Spec Issue Aug 1994, 387-392.
Clark, L., McTavish, S. F. B., Harmer, C. J., Mills, K. R., Cowen, P. J., & Goodwin, G. M. (2000). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation to right prefrontal cortex does not modulate the psychostimulant effects of amphetamine: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology Vol 3(4) Dec 2000, 297-302.
Clow, A., Lambert, S., Evans, P., Hucklebridge, F., & Higuchi, K. (2003). An investigation into asymmetrical cortical regulation of salivary S-IgA in conscious man using transcranial magnetic stimulation: International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol 47(1) Jan 2003, 57-64.
Cochran, W. W. (1987). Orientation and other migratory behaviours of a Swainson's thrush followed for 1500 km: Animal Behaviour Vol 35(3) Jun 1987, 927-929.
Cochran, W. W., Mouritsen, H., & Wikelski, M. (2004). Migrating Songbirds Recalibrate Their Magnetic Compass Daily from Twilight Cues: Science Vol 304(5669) Apr 2004, 405-408.
Cohrs, S., Tergau, F., Riech, S., Kastner, S., Paulus, W., Ziemann, U., et al. (1998). High-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation delays rapid eye movement sleep: Neuroreport: An International Journal for the Rapid Communication of Research in Neuroscience Vol 9(15) Oct 1998, 3439-3443.
Collett, T. S., & Baron, J. (1994). Biological compasses and the coordinate frame of landmark memories in honeybees: Nature Vol 368(6467) Mar 1994, 137-140.
Colon, E. J. (1994). Magnetic cortex stimulation as a therapeutic strategy in schizophrenia? : Biological Psychiatry Vol 36(3) Aug 1994, 208.
Conca, A., Konig, P., & Hausmann, A. (2000). Transcranial magnetic stimulation induces 'pseudoabsence seizure.' Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Vol 101(3) Mar 2000, 246-248.
Conca, A., Peschina, W., Konig, P., Fritzsche, H., & Hausmann, A. (2002). Effect of chronic repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on regional cerebral blood flow and regional cerebral glucose uptake in drug treatment-resistant depressives: A brief report: Neuropsychobiology Vol 45(1) Jan 2002, 27-31.
Conesa, J. (1995). Relationship between isolated sleep paralysis and geomagnetic influences: A case study: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 80(3, Pt 2) Jun 1995, 1263-1273.
Conesa, J. (1997). Isolated sleep paralysis, vivd dreams and geomagnetic influences: II: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 85(2) Oct 1997, 579-584.
Cook, C. M., & Persinger, M. A. (1997). Experimental induction of the "sensed presence" in normal subjects and an exceptional subject: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 85(2) Oct 1997, 683-693.
Cook, C. M., & Persinger, M. A. (2001). Geophysical variables and behavior: XCII. Experimental elicitation of the experience of a sentient being by right hemispheric, weak magnetic fields: Interaction with temporal lobe sensitivity: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 92(2) Apr 2001, 447-448.
Corthout, E., Hallett, M., & Cowey, A. (2002). Early visual cortical processing suggested by transcranial magnetic stimulation: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 13(9) Jul 2002, 1163-1166.
Corthout, E., Uttl, B., Ziemann, U., Cowey, A., & Hallett, M. (1999). Two periods of processing in the (circum)striate visual cortex as revealed by transcranial magnetic stimulation: Neuropsychologia Vol 37(2) Feb 1999, 137-145.
Cosquer, B., de Vasconcelos, A. P., Frohlich, J., & Cassel, J.-C. (2005). Blood-brain barrier and electromagnetic fields: Effects of scopolamine methylbromide on working memory after whole-body exposure to 2.45 GHz microwaves in rats: Behavioural Brain Research Vol 161(2) Jun 2005, 229-237.
Crasson, M., Timsit-Berthier, M., & Legros, J.-J. (1992). Do ELF electromagnetic fields have some effect on human health? A review of the literature: Psychologie Medicale Vol 24(11), Spec Issue 1992, 1205-1215.
Csepe, V., Pantev, C., Hoke, M., Hampson, S., & et al. (1992). Evoked magnetic responses of the human auditory cortex to minor pitch changes: Localization of the mismatch field: Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology: Evoked Potentials Vol 84(6) Nov-Dec 1992, 538-548.
Curcio, G., Ferrara, M., De Gennaro, L., Cristiani, R., D'Lnzeo, G., & Bertini, M. (2004). Time-course of electromagnetic field effects on human performance and tympanic temperature: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 15(1) Jan 2004, 161-164.
Curra, A., Modugno, N., Inghilleri, M., Manfredi, M., Hallett, M., & Berardelli, A. (2002). Transcranial magnetic stimulation techniques in clinical investigation: Neurology Vol 59(12) Dec 2002, 1851-1859.
Curtis, S. T. (1988). Auditory attention and the neuromagnetic field: Dissertation Abstracts International.
Czeh, B., Welt, T., Fischer, A. K., Erhardt, A., Schmitt, W., Muller, M. B., et al. (2002). Chronic psychosocial stress and concomitant repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: Effects on stress hormone levels and adult hippocampal neurogensis: Biological Psychiatry Vol 52(11) Dec 2002, 1057-1065.
d'Alfonso, A. A. L., Aleman, A., Kessels, R. P. C., Schouten, E. A., Postma, A., van der Linden, J. A., et al. (2002). Transcranial magnetic stimulation of left auditory cortex in patients with schizophrenia: Effects on hallucinations and neurocognition: Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences Vol 14(1) Win 2002, 77-79.
Dalton, K., Steinkamp, F., & Sherwood, S. J. (1999). A dream GESP experiment using dynamic targets and consensus vote: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research Vol 93(2) Apr 1999, 145-166.
Dalton, K., & Stevens, P. (1996). Geomagnetism and the Edinburgh automated ganzfeld: European Journal of Parapsychology Vol 12 1996, 23-34.
Dannon, P. N., Dolberg, O. T., Schreiber, S., & Grunhaus, L. (2002). Three and six-month outcome following courses of either ECT or rTMS in a population of severely depressed individuals--Preliminary report: Biological Psychiatry Vol 51(8) Apr 2002, 687-690.
Dannon, P. N., & Grunhaus, L. (2001). Effect of electroconvulsive therapy in repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation non-responder MDD patients: A preliminary study: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology Vol 4(3) Sep 2001, 265-268.
Dannon, P. N., Schreiber, S., Dolberg, O. T., Shemer, L., & Grunhaus, L. (2000). Transcranial magnetic stimulation is effective in the treatment of the relapse of depression: International Journal of Psychiatry in Clinical Practice Vol 4(3) Sep 2000, 223-226.
Daskalakis, Z. J., Christensen, B. K., Fitzgerald, P. B., & Chen, R. (2002). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: A new investigational and treatment tool in psychiatry: Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences Vol 14(4) Fal 2002, 406-415.
Dauper, J., Peschel, T., Schrader, C., Kohlmetz, C., Joppich, G., Nager, W., et al. (2002). Effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation on motor cortex excitability: Neurology Vol 59(5) Sep 2002, 700-706.
De Matteis, G., Vellante, M., Marrelli, A., Villante, U., & et al. (1994). Geomagnetic activity, humidity, temperature and headache: Is there any correlation? : Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain Vol 34(1) Jan 1994, 41-43.
De Pablo, A. G., & Dening, T. (2006). Animal magnetism in Spanish medicine (1786-1860): History of Psychiatry Vol 17(3) Sep 2006, 279-298.
de Sano, C. F., & Persinger, M. A. (1987). Geophysical variables and behavior: XXXIX. Alterations in imaginings and suggestibility during brief magnetic field exposures: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 64(3, Pt 1) Jun 1987, 968-970.
Del Seppia, C., Luschi, P., Ghione, S., Crosio, E., Choleris, E., & Papi, F. (2000). Exposure to a hypogeomagnetic field or to oscillating magnetic fields similarly reduce stress-induced analgesia in C57 male mice: Life Sciences Vol 66(14) Feb 2000, 1299-1306.
Del Seppia, C., Mezzasalma, L., Choleris, E., Luschi, P., & Ghione, S. (2003). Effects of magnetic field exposure on open field behaviour and nociceptive responses in mice: Behavioural Brain Research Vol 144(1-2) Sep 2003, 1-9.
Delparte, J. J., & Persinger, M. A. (2007). Brief exposures to theta-burst magnetic fields impair the consolidation of food-induced conditioned place preference: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 117(2) Feb 2007, 295-299.
Deutschlander, M. E. (1999). Behavioral investigation of the physiological basis of light-dependent magnetic compass orientation in the eastern red-spotted newt, notophthalmus viridescens. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
Deutschlander, M. E., Freake, M. J., Borland, S. C., Phillips, J. B., Madden, R. C., Anderson, L. E., et al. (2003). Learned magnetic compass orientation by the Siberian hamster, Phodopus sungorus: Animal Behaviour Vol 65(4) Apr 2003, 779-786.
Dewsbury, D. A. (1981). Review of Human Navigation and the Sixth Sense: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 26 (9), Sep, 1981.
Dickinson, D. K. (1989). Development of preschool children's ability to identify common materials: Merrill-Palmer Quarterly Vol 35(2) Apr 1989, 165-180.
Diego-Rasilla, F. J., Luengo, R. M., & Phillips, J. B. (2005). Magnetic compass mediates nocturnal homing by the alpine newt, Triturus alpestris: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Vol 58(4) Aug 2005, 361-365.
Diego-Rasilla, F. J., & Phillips, J. B. (2007). Magnetic compass orientation in Larval Iberian green frogs, Pelophylax perezi: Ethology Vol 113(5) May 2007, 474-479.
Dixon, S. J., & Persinger, M. A. (2001). Suppression of analgesia in rats induced by morphine or L-name but not both drugs by microtesla, frequency-modulated magnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 108(1-2) 2001, 87-97.
Dolberg, O. T., Dannon, P. N., Schreiber, S., & Grunhaus, L. (2002). Magnetic motor threshold and response to TMS in major depressive disorder: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Vol 106(3) Sep 2002, 220-223.
Dolberg, O. T., Dannon, P. N., Schreiber, S., & Grunhaus, L. (2002). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with bipolar depression: A double blind, controlled study: Bipolar Disorders Vol 4(Suppl1) Sep 2002, 94-95.
Dornfeldt, K. (1991). Pigeon homing in relation to geomagnetic, gravitational, topographical, and meterological conditions: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Vol 28(2) 1991, 107-123.
Dornfeldt, K. (1996). Pigeon homing in the meteorological and solar-geomagnetic environment: What pigeon race data say: Ethology Vol 102(5) May 1996, 413-435.
Dubreuil, D., Jay, T., & Edeline, J.-M. (2003). Head-only exposure to GSM 900-MHz electromagnetic fields does not alter rat's memory in spatial and non-spatial tasks: Behavioural Brain Research Vol 145(1-2) Oct 2003, 51-61.
Dupont, M. J., McKay, B. E., Parker, G., & Persinger, M. A. (2004). Geophysical Variables and Behavior: XCIX. Reductions in Numbers of Neurons Within the Parasolitary Nucleus in Rats Exposed Perinatally to a Magnetic Pattern Designed to Imitate Geomagnetic Continuous Pulsations: Implications For Sudden Infant Death: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 98(3,Pt1) Jun 2004, 958-966.
Dupont, M. J., Parker, G., & Persinger, M. A. (2005). Reduced litter sizes following 48-h of prenatal exposure to 5 nT to 10 nT, 0.5 Hz magnetic fields: Implications for sudden infant deaths: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 115(5) May 2005, 713-715.
Duzel, E., Hufnagel, A., Helmstaedter, C., & Elger, C. (1996). Verbal working memory components can be selectively influenced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with left temporal lobe epilepsy: Neuropsychologia Vol 34(8) Aug 1996, 775-783.
Edelstyn, N., & Oldershaw, A. (2002). The acute effects of exposure to the electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phones on human attention: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 13(1) Jan 2002, 119-121.
Egely, G., & Vertesy, G. (1986). Experimental investigation of biologically induced magnetic anomalies: PSI Research Vol 5(1-2) Mar-Jun 1986, 43-54.
Egely, G., & Vertesy, G. (1988). Experimental investigation of biologically induced magnetic anomalies. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Education.
Eichhammer, P., Kharraz, A., Wiegand, R., Langguth, B., Frick, U., Aigner, J. M., et al. (2002). Sleep deprivation in depression: Stabilizing antidepressant effects by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: Life Sciences Vol 70(15) Mar 2002, 1741-1749.
Elbert, T., Rockstroh, B., Hampson, S., Pantev, C., & et al. (1994). The magnetic counterpart of the contingent negative variation: Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology: Evoked Potentials Vol 92(3) May 1994, 262-272.
Ellenberger, H. F. (1965). Mesmer and Puysegur: From magnetism to hypnotism: Psychoanalytic Review 52(2) 1965, 137-153.
Epstein, C. M., Woodard, J. L., Stringer, A. Y., Bakay, R. A. E., Henry, T. R., Pennell, P. B., et al. (2000). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation does not replicate the Wada test: Neurology Vol 55(7) Oct 2000, 1025-1027.
Erfurth, A., Michael, N., Mostert, C., & Arolt, V. (2000). Euphoric mania and rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 157(5) May 2000, 835-836.
Eschweiler, G. W., Plewnia, C., Batra, A., & Bartels, M. (2000). Does clinical response to repetitive prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) predict response to electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) in cases of major depression? : The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry / La Revue canadienne de psychiatrie Vol 45(9) Nov 2000, 845-846.
Esen, F., & Esen, H. (2006). Effect of electromagnetic fields emitted by cellular phones on the latency of evoked electrodermal activity: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 116(3) Mar 2006, 321-329.
Eulitz, C., Diesch, E., Pantev, C., Hampson, S., & et al. (1995). Magnetic and electric brain activity evoked by the processing of tone and vowel stimuli: Journal of Neuroscience Vol 15(4) Apr 1995, 2748-2755.
Feychting, M., Pedersen, N. L., Svedberg, P., Floderus, B., & Gatz, M. (1998). Dementia and occupational exposure to magnetic fields: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health Vol 24(1) Feb 1998, 46-53.
Fierro, B., Brighina, F., Oliveri, M., Piazza, A., La Bua, V., Buffa, D., et al. (2000). Contralateral neglect induced by right posterior parietal rTMS in healthy subjects: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 11(7) May 2000, 1519-1521.
Fildes, B. N., O'Loughlin, B. J., Bradshaw, J. L., & Ewens, W. J. (1984). Human orientation with restricted sensory information: No evidence for magnetic sensitivity: Perception Vol 13(3) 1984, 229-236.
Fitzgerald, P. B., Brown, T. L., & Daskalakis, Z. J. (2002). The application of transcranial magnetic stimulation in psychiatry and neurosciences research: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Vol 105(5) May 2002, 324-340.
Fitzgerald, P. B., Brown, T. L., Daskalakis, Z. J., deCastella, A., & Kulkarni, J. (2002). A study of transallosal inhibition in schizophrenia using transcranial magnetic stimulation: Schizophrenia Research Vol 56(3) Aug 2002, 199-209.
Fitzpatrick, R. E., & Persinger, M. A. (2004). Weekly Treatments With a Burst-firing Magnetic Field Alters Behavior in the Elevated Plus Maze After Two Sessions: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 98(3,Pt1) Jun 2004, 983-984.
Fleischmann, A., Prolov, K., Abarbanel, J., & Belmaker, R. H. (1995). The effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation of rat brain on behavioral models of depression: Brain Research Vol 699(1) Nov 1995, 130-132.
Floel, A., Breitenstein, C., Knecht, S., Cappa, S. F., Sandrini, M., Rossini, P. M., et al. (2003). The role of the left frontal lobe in action naming: rTMS evidence: Comment and reply: Neurology Vol 60(6) Mar 2003, 1052.
Fournier, N. M., & Persinger, M. A. (2004). Geophysical variables and behavior: C. increased geomagnetic activity on days of commercial air crashes attributed to computer or pilot error but not mechanical failure: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 98(3,Pt2) Jun 2004, 1219-1224.
Fox, P. T., Narayana, S., Tandon, N., Fox, S. P., Sandoval, H., Kochunov, P., et al. (2006). Intensity Modulation of TMS-induced Cortical Excitation: Primary Motor Cortex: Human Brain Mapping Vol 27(6) Jun 2006, 478-487.
Freake, M. J., & Phillips, J. B. (2005). Light-Dependent Shift in Bullfrog Tadpole Magnetic Compass Orientation: Evidence for a Common Magnetoreception Mechanism in Anuran and Urodele Amphibians: Ethology Vol 111(3) Mar 2005, 241-254.
Freeman, J., & Persinger, M. A. (1996). Repeated verbal interruptions during exposure to complex transcerebral magnetic fields elicit irritability: Implications for opiate effects: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 82(2) Apr 1996, 639-642.
Fuller, M., Wilson, C. L., Velasco, A. L., Dunnc, J. R., & Zoegerc, J. (2003). On the confirmation of an effect of magnetic fields on the interictal firing rate of epileptic patients: Brain Research Bulletin Vol 60(1-2) Apr 2003, 43-52.
Fumal, A., Bohotin, V., Vandenheede, M., Seidel, L., de Noordhout, A. M., & Schoenen, J. (2002). Motor and phosphene thresholds to transcranial magnetic stimuli: A reproducibility study: Acta Neurologica Belgica Vol 102(4) Dec 2002, 171-175.
Furio, C., & Guisasola, J. (1998). Difficulties in learning the concept of electric field: Science Education Vol 82(4) Jul 1998, 511-526.
Gaffney, G. R., & Tsai, L. Y. (1987). Magnetic resonance imaging of high level autism: Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders Vol 17(3) Sep 1987, 433-438.
Galic, M. A., & Persinger, M. A. (2004). Geomagnetic activity during the previous day is correlated with increased consumption of sucrose during subsequent days: Is increased geomagnetic activity aversive? : Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 98(3,Pt2) Jun 2004, 1126-1128.
Galinowski, A., & Paillere-Martinot, M.-L. (2002). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: The introduction of a new therapeutic tool in psychiatry: L'Evolution Psychiatrique Vol 67(1) Jan-Mar 2002, 155-169.
Gamberale, F. (1990). Physiological and psychological effects of exposure to extremely low-frequency electric and magnetic fields on humans: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health Vol 16(Suppl 1) 1990, 51-54.
Gangadhar, B. N. (2000). "Transcranial magnetic stimulation induces 'pseudoabsence seizure:"' Comment: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Vol 101(3) Mar 2000, 248-249.
Garber, H. J., Weilburg, J. B., Buonanno, F. S., Manschreck, T. C., & et al. (1988). Use of magnetic resonance imaging in psychiatry: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 145(2) Feb 1988, 164-171.
Garcia-Toro, M., Mayol, A., Arnillas, H., Capllonch, I., Ibarra, O., Crespi, M., et al. (2001). Modest adjunctive benefit with transcranial magnetic stimulation in medication-resistant depression: Journal of Affective Disorders Vol 64(2-3) May 2001, 271-275.
Garcia-Toro, M., Salva Coll, J., Crespi Font, M., Andres Tauler, J., Aguirre Orue, I., & Bosch Calero, C. (2002). Panic disorder and transcranial magnetic stimulation: Actas Espanolas de Psiquiatria Vol 30(4) Jul-Aug 2002, 221-224.
Gastaldo, E., Graziani, A., Paiardi, M., Quatrale, R., Eleopra, R., Tugnoli, V., et al. (2003). Recovery cycle of the masseter inhibitory reflex after magnetic stimulation in normal subjects: Clinical Neurophysiology Vol 114(7) Jul 2003, 1253-1258.
Gbur, G., Visser, T. D., & Wolf, E. (2002). Singular behavior of the spectrum in the neighborhood of focus: Journal of the Optical Society of America, A, Optics, Image Science & Vision Vol 19(8) Aug 2002, 1694-1700.
Gearhart, L., & Persinger, M. A. (1986). Geophysical variables and behavior: XXXIII. Onsets of historical and contemporary poltergeist episodes occurred with sudden increases in geomagnetic activity: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 62(2) Apr 1986, 463-466.
Gengerelli, J. A., Holter, N. J., & Glasscock, W. R. (1964). Further observations on magnetic fields accompanying nerve transmission and tetanus: Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied 57(1) 1964, 201-212.
George, M. S. (1998). Why would you ever want to?: Toward understanding the antidepressant effect of prefrontal rTMS: Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental Vol 13(5) Jul 1998, 307-313.
George, M. S., Lisanby, S. H., & Sackeim, H. A. (1999). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: Applications in neuropsychiatry: Archives of General Psychiatry Vol 56(4) Apr 1999, 300-311.
George, M. S., Nahas, Z., Kozel, F. A., Li, X., Denslow, S., Yamanaka, K., et al. (2002). Mechanisms and state of the art of transcranial magnetic stimulation: Journal of ECT Vol 18(4) Dec 2002, 170-181.
George, M. S., Nahas, Z., Molloy, M., Speer, A. M., Oliver, N. C., Li, X.-B., et al. (2000). A controlled trial of daily left prefrontal cortex TMS for treating depression: Biological Psychiatry Vol 48(10) Nov 2000, 962-970.
George, M. S., Speer, A. M., Molloy, M., Nahas, Z., Teneback, C. C., Risch, S. C., et al. (1998). Low frequency daily left prefrontal rTMS improves mood in bipolar depression: A placebo-controlled case report: Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental Vol 13(4) Jun 1998, 271-275.
George, M. S., Wassermann, E. M., Kimbrell, T. A., Little, J. T., Williams, W. E., Danielson, A. L., et al. (1997). Mood improvement following daily left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with depression: A placebo-controlled crossover trial: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 154(12) Dec 1997, 1752-1756.
George, M. S., Wassermann, E. M., & Post, R. M. (1996). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: A neuropsychiatric tool for the 21st century: Journal of Neuropsychiatry & Clinical Neurosciences Vol 8(4) Fal 1996, 373-382.
George, M. S., Wassermann, E. M., Williams, W. A., Callahan, A., & et al. (1995). Daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves mood in depression: Neuroreport: An International Journal for the Rapid Communication of Research in Neuroscience Vol 6(14) Oct 1995, 1853-1856.
Gerloff, C., Corwell, B., Chen, R., Hallett, M., & Cohen, L. G. (1997). Stimulation over the human supplementary motor area interferes with the organization of future elements in complex motor sequences: Brain: A Journal of Neurology Vol 120(9) Sep 1997, 1587-1602.
Gerschlager, W., Siebner, H. R., & Rothwell, J. C. (2001). Decreased corticospinal excitability after subthreshold 1 Hz rTMS over lateral premotor cortex: Neurology Vol 57(3) Aug 2001, 449-455.
Gershon, A. A., Dannon, P. N., & Grunhaus, L. (2003). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 160(5) May 2003, 835-845.
Gezundhajt, H. (2007). An evolution of the historical origins of hypnotism prior to the twentieth century: Between spirituality and subconscious: Contemporary Hypnosis Vol 24(4) Dec 2007, 178-194.
Gillis, C., & Persinger, M. A. (1993). Shifts in the Plutchik Emotion Profile Indices following three weekly treatments with pulsed vs continuous cerebral magnetic fields: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 76(1) Feb 1993, 168-170.
Gironell, A., Kulisevsky, J., Lorenzo, J., Barbanoj, M., Pascual-Sedano, B., & Otermin, P. (2002). Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the cerebellum in essential tremor: Archives of Neurology Vol 59(3) Mar 2002, 413-417.
Goggins, R. (2002). A case for transcranial magnetic stimulation: Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine Vol 19(1) Mar 2002, 36.
Gordon, C., & Berk, M. (2003). The effect of geomagnetic storms on suicide: South African Psychiatry Review Vol 6(3) Aug 2003, 24-26.
Gould, J. L. (1984). Magnetic field sensitivity in animals: Annual Review of Physiology Vol 46 1984, 585-598.
Grafman, J., Pascual-Leone, A., Alway, D., Nichelli, P., & et al. (1994). Induction of a recall deficit by rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation: Neuroreport: An International Journal for the Rapid Communication of Research in Neuroscience Vol 5(9) May 1994, 1157-1160.
Grafman, J., & Wassermann, E. (1999). Transcranial magnetic stimulation can measure and modulate learning and memory: Neuropsychologia Vol 37(2) Feb 1999, 159-167.
Graham, C., Cook, M. R., Cohen, H. D., Riffle, D. W., Hoffman, S., & Gerkovich, M. M. (1999). Human exposure to 60-Hz magnetic fields: neurophysiological effects: International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol 33(2) Aug 1999, 169-175.
Gralak, B., Enoch, S., & Tayeb, G. (2002). From scattering or impedance matrices to Bloch modes of photonic crystals: Journal of the Optical Society of America, A, Optics, Image Science & Vision Vol 19(8) Aug 2002, 1547-1554.
Greca, I. M., & Moreira, M. A. (1998). Mental models and physics learning in electricity and magnetism: Ensenanza de las Ciencias Revista de investigacion y experiencias didacticas Vol 16(2) Jun 1998, 289-303.
Greenberg, B. D., George, M. S., Martin, J. D., Benjamin, J., & et al. (1997). Effect of prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: A preliminary study: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 154(6) Jun 1997, 867-869.
Greenberg, B. D., Murphy, D. L., & Rasmussen, S. A. (2000). Neuroanatomically based approaches to obsessive-compulsive disorder: Neurosurgery and transcranial magnetic stimulation: Psychiatric Clinics of North America Vol 23(3) Sep 2000, 671-686.
Grisaru, N., Amir, M., Cohen, H., & Kaplan, Z. (1998). Effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation in posttraumatic stress disorder: A preliminary study: Biological Psychiatry Vol 44(1) Jul 1998, 52-55.
Grosbras, M.-H., & Paus, T. (2002). Transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human frontal eye field: Effects on visual perception and attention: Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience Vol 14(7) Oct 2002, 1109-1120.
Grosse, P., Khatami, R., Salih, F., Kuhn, A., & Meyer, B. U. (2002). Corticospial excitability in human sleep as assessed by transcranial magnetic stimulation: Neurology Vol 59(12) Dec 2002, 1988-1991.
Grunhaus, L., Dannon, P. N., Schreiber, S., Dolberg, O. H., Amiaz, R., Ziv, R., et al. (2000). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is as effective as electroconvulsive therapy in the treatment of nondelusional major depressive disorder: An open study: Biological Psychiatry Vol 47(4) Feb 2000, 314-234.
Grunhaus, L., Dolberg, O. T., Polak, D., & Dannon, P. N. (2002). Monitoring the response to rTMS in depression with visual analog scales: Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental Vol 17(7) Oct 2002, 349-352.
Grunhaus, L., Schreiber, S., Dolberg, O. T., Polak, D., & Dannon, P. N. (2003). A randomized controlled comparison of electroconvulsive therapy and repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in severe and resistant nonpsychotic major depression: Biological Psychiatry Vol 53(4) Feb 2003, 324-331.
Guisasola, J., Almudi, J. M., & Ceberio, M. (2003). Alternative Conceptions of the Stationary Magnetic Field: Selection Of Questions For Its Detection: Ensenanza de las Ciencias Revista de investigacion y experiencias didacticas Vol 21(2) Jun 2003, 281-293.
Guisasola, J., Almudi, J. M., Zubimendi, J. L., & Zuza, K. (2005). Magnetic field: Design and evaluation of teaching strategies based on learning as oriented research: Ensenanza de las Ciencias Revista de investigacion y experiencias didacticas Vol 23(3) Nov 2005, 303-320.
Gullickson, T. (1995). Review of Mesmer and Animal Magnetism: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 40 (4), Apr, 1995.
Gutschalk, A., Micheyl, C., Melcher, J. R., Rupp, A., Scherg, M., & Oxenham, A. J. (2005). Neuromagnetic Correlates of Streaming in Human Auditory Cortex: Journal of Neuroscience Vol 25(22) Jun 2005, 5382-5388.
Hamblin, D. L., Wood, A. W., Croft, R. J., & Stough, C. (2004). Examining the effects of electromagnetic fields emitted by GSM mobile phones on human event-related potentials and performance during an auditory task: Clinical Neurophysiology Vol 115(1) Jan 2004, 171-178.
Hansen, G. P. (2006). "The Effect of Weak Magnetic Fields on a Random Event Generator: Reconsidering the Role of Geomagnetic Fluctuations in MicroPK Studies": Comment: Journal of the Society for Psychical Research Vol 70(885)[4] Oct 2006, 254.
Haraldsson, E., & Gissurarson, L. R. (1987). Does geomagnetic activity effect extrasensory perception? : Personality and Individual Differences Vol 8(5) 1987, 745-747.
Harding, G. F., Armstrong, R. A., & Janday, B. (1992). Visual evoked electrical and magnetic response to half-field stimulation using pattern reversal stimulation: Ophthalmic and Physiological Optics Vol 12(2) Apr 1992, 171-174.
Harmer, C. J., Thilo, K. V., Rothwell, J. C., & Goodwin, G. M. (2001). Transcranial magnetic stimulation of medial-frontal cortex impairs the processing of angry facial expressions: Nature Neuroscience Vol 4(1) Jan 2001, 17-18.
Harper, E. H. (1912). Magnetic control of geotropism in Paramoecium: Journal of Animal Behavior Vol 2(3) May-Jun 1912, 181-189.
Harte, T. M., Black, D. L., & Hollinshead, M. T. (1999). MESA: A new configuration for measuring electromagnetic field fluctuations: Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers Vol 31(4) Nov 1999, 680-683.
Hasey, G. M. (1999). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: Using a law of physics to treat psychopathology: Journal of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Vol 24(2) Mar 1999, 97-101.
Haynes, J. D., Roth, G., Stadler, M., & Heinze, H. J. (2003). Neuromagnetic Correlates of Perceived Contrast in Primary Visual Cortex: Journal of Neurophysiology Vol 89(5) May 2003, 2655-2666.
Healey, F., & Persinger, M. A. (2001). Experimental production of illusory (false) memories in reconstructions of narratives: Effect size and potential mediation by right hemispheric stimulation from complex, weak magnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 106(3-4) Feb 2001, 195-207.
Hedges, D. W., Salyer, D. L., Higginbotham, B. J., Lund, T. D., Hellewell, J. L., Ferguson, D., et al. (2002). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) effects on testosterone, prolactin, and corticosterone in adult male rats: Biological Psychiatry Vol 51(5) Mar 2002, 417-421.
Heinen, F., Petersen, H., Fietzek, U., Mall, V., Schulte-Monting, J., & Korinthenberg, R. (1997). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with Rett syndrome: Preliminary results: European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry Vol 6(Suppl 1) 1997, 61-63.
Hertrich, I., Mathiak, K., Lutzenberger, W., & Ackermann, H. (2004). Transient and phase-locked evoked magnetic fields in response to periodic acoustic signals: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 15(10) Jul 2004, 1687-1690.
Herwig, U., Kolbel, K., Wunderlich, A. P., Theilscher, A., von Tiesenhausen, C., Spitzer, M., et al. (2002). Spatial congruence of neuronavigated transcranial magnetic stimulation and functional neuroimaging: Clinical Neurophysiology Vol 113(4) Apr 2002, 462-468.
Herwig, U., Lampe, Y., Juengling, F. D., Wunderlich, A., Walter, H., Spitzer, M., et al. (2003). Add-on rTMS for treatment of depression: A pilot study using stereotaxic coil-navigation according to PET data: Journal of Psychiatric Research Vol 37(4) Jul-Aug 2003, 267-275.
Herwig, U., Padberg, F., Unger, J., Spitzer, M., & Schonfeldt-Lecuona, C. (2001). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in therapy studies: Examination of the reliability of "standard" coil positioning by neuronavigation: Biological Psychiatry Vol 50(1) Jul 2001, 58-61.
Hinrichs, H., & Heinze, H.-J. (2004). Effects of GSM electromagnetic field on the MEG during an encoding-retrieval task: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 15(7) May 2004, 1191-1194.
Hoffman, R. E., & Boutros, N. (2001). Transcranial magnetic stimulation studies of schizophrenia: Epilepsy & Behavior Vol 2(3,Part2) Jun 2001, S30-S35.
Hoflich, G., Kasper, S., Hufnagel, A., Ruhrmann, S., & et al. (1993). Application of transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment of drug-resistant major depression: A report of two cases: Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental Vol 8(5) Sep-Oct 1993, 361-365.
Holder, M. D., & Scotland, P. E. (2004). The Effects of Static Magnetic Fields on Cold- and Pressure-Induced Pain: The Scientific Review of Mental Health Practice Vol 3(2) Fall-Win 2004-2005, 30-38.
Holland, R. A., Thorup, K., Vonhof, M. J., Cochran, W. W., & Wikelski, M. (2006). Bat orientation using Earth's magnetic field: Nature Vol 444(7120) Dec 2006, 702.
Hoshiyama, M., & Kakigi, R. (2000). After-effect of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) on pain-related evoked potentials and magnetic fields in normal subjects: Clinical Neurophysiology Vol 111(4) Apr 2000, 717-724.
Hotson, J., Braun, D., Herzberg, W., & Boman, D. (1994). Transcranial magnetic stimulation of extrastriate cortex degrades human motion direction discrimination: Vision Research Vol 34(16) Aug 1994, 2115-2123.
Hotson, J. R., & Anand, S. (1999). The selectivity and timing of motion processing in human temporo-parieto-occipital and occipital cortex: A transcranial magnetic stimulation study: Neuropsychologia Vol 37(2) Feb 1999, 169-179.
Houpt, T. A., Cassell, J. A., Cason, A. M., Riedell, A., Golden, G. J., Riccardi, C., et al. (2007). Evidence for a cephalic site of action of high magnetic fields on the behavioral responses of rats: Physiology & Behavior Vol 92(4) Nov 2007, 665-674.
Houpt, T. A., Cassell, J. A., Riccardi, C., DenBleyker, M. D., Hood, A., & Smith, J. C. (2007). Rats avoid high magnetic fields: Dependence on an intact vestibular system: Physiology & Behavior Vol 92(4) Nov 2007, 741-747.
Houpt, T. A., Pittman, D. W., Barranco, J. M., Brooks, E. H., & Smith, J. C. (2003). Behavioral effects of high-strength static magnetic fields on rats: Journal of Neuroscience Vol 23(4) Feb 2003, 1498-1505.
Houpt, T. A., Pittman, D. W., Riccardi, C., Cassell, J. A., Lockwood, D. R., Barranco, J. M., et al. (2005). Behavioral effects on rats of high strength magnetic fields generated by a resistive electromagnet: Physiology & Behavior Vol 86(3) Oct 2005, 379-389.
Houran, J., Lange, R., & Black, D. L. (1998). MESA: A portable multi-energy sensor array for low-frequency electromagnetic field fluctuations: Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers Vol 30(3) Aug 1998, 411-415.
Houtkooper, J. M., Schienle, A., Stark, R., & Vaitl, D. (1999). Geophysical variables and behavior: LXXXVIII. Atmospheric electromagnetism: The possible disturbing influence of natural sferics on ESP: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 89(3, Pt 2) Dec 1999, 1179-1192.
Houtkooper, J. M., Schienle, A., & Vaitl, D. (2001). Atmospheric electromagnetism attempted replication of the correlation between natural sferics and ESP: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 93(3) Dec 2001, 754-756.
Howard, A. R. (1975). A historical note on animal magnetism: American Psychologist Vol 30(8) Aug 1975, 863.
Huang, C., & Li, W. (2000). Effect of high frequency electromagnetic exposure on memory: Chinese Mental Health Journal Vol 14(5) Sep 2000, 323-324.
Hubbard, G. S., & Vincent, W. R. (1988). Electromagnetic measurements of the shielded room at UC Davis: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research Vol 82(2) Apr 1988, 147-152.
Humphreys, G. W., & Praamstra, P. (2002). Magnetic stimulation reveals the distribution of language in a normal population: Nature Neuroscience Vol 5(7) Jul 2002, 613-614.
Huttunen, J., Hari, R., & Vanni, S. (1987). Crossmodal interaction is reflected in vertex potentials but not in evoked magnetic fields: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Vol 75(6) Jun 1987, 410-416.
Inaba, A., Yokota, T., Saito, Y., Ichikawa, T., & Mizusawa, H. (2001). Proximal motor conduction evaluated by transcranial magnetic stimulation in acquired inflammatory demyelinating neuropathies: Clinical Neurophysiology Vol 112(10) Oct 2001, 1936-1945.
Jadidi, M., Firoozabadi, S. M., Rashidy-Pour, A., Sajadi, A. A., Sadeghi, H., & Taherian, A. A. (2007). Acute exposure to a 50 Hz magnetic field impairs consolidation of spatial memory in rats: Neurobiology of Learning and Memory Vol 88(4) Nov 2007, 387-392.
Jaffe, R. (1994). "Induction of visual extinction by rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of parietal lobe": Comment: Neurology Vol 44(12) Dec 1994, 2419.
Jahanshahi, M., & Dirnberger, G. (1999). The left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and random generation of responses: Studies with transcranial magnetic stimulation: Neuropsychologia Vol 37(2) Feb 1999, 181-190.
Jahanshahi, M., Profice, P., Brown, R. G., Ridding, M. C., Dirnberger, G., & Rothwell, J. C. (1998). The effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex on suppression of habitual counting during random number generation: Brain: A Journal of Neurology Vol 121(8) Aug 1998, 1533-1544.
Jan, S., Khalil, A., & Gensberg, K. (2002). Electrotherapy of isolated human cells in tissue culture: Family Practice Vol 19(6) Dec 2002, 703.
Janac, B., Pesic, V., Jelenkovic, A., Vorobyov, V., & Prolic, Z. (2005). Different effects of chronic exposure to ELF magnetic field on spontaneous and amphetamine-induced locomotor and stereotypic activities in rats: Brain Research Bulletin Vol 67(6) Nov 2005, 498-503.
Jander, R., & Jander, U. (1998). The light and magnetic compass of the weaver ant, Oecophylla smaragdina (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Ethology Vol 104(9) Sep 1998, 743-758.
Janicak, P. G., Dowd, S. M., Martis, B., Alam, D., Beedle, D., Krasuski, J., et al. (2002). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation versus electroconvulsive therapy for major depression: Preliminary results of a randomized trial: Biological Psychiatry Vol 51(8) Apr 2002, 659-667.
Johnson, A. P. (1999). Students' development of models of magnetic materials, patterns of group activity, and social norms in a physics classroom. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences.
Johnson, C. P. L., & Persinger, M. A. (1994). The sensed presence may be facilitated by interhemispheric intercalation: Relative efficacy of The Mind's Eye, Hemi-Sync Tape, and bilateral temporal magnetic field stimulation: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 79(1, Pt 1) Aug 1994, 351-354.
Jovanova-Nesic, K., Eric-Jovicic, M., & Spector, N. H. (2006). Magnetic Stimulation Of The Brain Increase Na-super(+), K-super(+)-ATPase Activity Decreased By Injection Of AlCl-sub-3 Into Nucleus Basalis Magnocellularis Of Rats: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 116(6) Jun 2006, 681-695.
Kamitani, Y., & Shimojo, S. (1999). Manifestation of scotomas created by transcranial magnetic stimulation of human visual cortex: Nature Neuroscience Vol 2(8) Aug 1999, 767-771.
Kamm, J. A., Fairchild, C. E., Gavin, W. E., & Cooper, T. M. (1992). Influence of celestial light on visual and olfactory behavior of seed chalcids (Hymenoptera: Eurytomidae): Journal of Insect Behavior Vol 5(2) Mar 1992, 273-287.
Kammer, T. (1999). Phosphenes and transient scotomas induced by magnetic stimulation of the occipital lobe: Their topographic relationship: Neuropsychologia Vol 37(2) Feb 1999, 191-198.
Kanai, S., Taniguchi, N., Kawamoto, M., Endo, H., & Higashino, H. (2004). Effect of static magnetic field on pain associated with frozen shoulder: The Pain Clinic Vol 16(2) 2004, 173-179.
Kapstan, A., Yaroslavsky, Y., Applebaum, J., Belmaker, R. H., & Grisaru, N. (2003). Right prefrontal TMS versus sham treatment of mania: A controlled study: Bipolar Disorders Vol 5(1) Feb 2003, 36-39.
Kasai, K., Yamada, H., Kamio, S., Nakagome, K., Iwanami, A., Fukuda, M., et al. (2003). Neuromagnetic correlates of impaired automatic categorical perception of speech sounds in schizophrenia: Schizophrenia Research Vol 59(2-3) Feb 2003, 159-172.
Kavaliers, M., & Innes, D. G. (1987). Sex differences in magnetic field inhibition of morphine-induced responses of wild deer mice, Peromyscus maniculatus triangularis: Physiology & Behavior Vol 40(5) 1987, 559-562.
Kavaliers, M., & Ossenkopp, K.-P. (1985). Exposure to rotating magnetic fields alters morphine-induced behavioral responses in two strains of mice: Neuropharmacology Vol 24(4) Apr 1985, 337-340.
Kavaliers, M., & Ossenkopp, K.-P. (1985). Magnetic fields as environmental specific cues for morphine-induced analgesia: Interactions with tolerance development: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry Vol 9(5-6) 1985, 713-716.
Kavaliers, M., & Ossenkopp, K.-P. (1985). Tolerance to morphine-induced analgesia in mice: Magnetic fields function as environmental specific cues and reduce tolerance development: Life Sciences Vol 37(12) Sep 1985, 1125-1135.
Kavaliers, M., & Ossenkopp, K.-P. (1986). Magnetic field inhibition of morphine-induced analgesia and behavioral activity in mice: Evidence for involvement of calcium ions: Brain Research Vol 379(1) Jul 1986, 30-38.
Kavaliers, M., & Ossenkopp, K.-P. (1986). Magnetic fields differentially inhibit mu, delta, kappa and sigma opiate-induced analgesia in mice: Peptides Vol 7(3) May-Jun 1986, 449-453.
Kavaliers, M., & Ossenkopp, K.-P. (1986). Stress-induced opioid analgesia and activity in mice: Inhibitory influences of exposure to magnetic fields: Psychopharmacology Vol 89(4) Jul 1986, 440-443.
Kavaliers, M., & Ossenkopp, K.-P. (1987). Magnetic fields and stress: Dayight differences: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry Vol 11(2-3) 1987, 279-286.
Kavaliers, M., & Ossenkopp, K.-P. (1987). Magnetic fields and stress: Day-night differences: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry Vol 11(2-3) 1987, 279-286.
Kavaliers, M., & Ossenkopp, K.-P. (1988). Dayight rhythms of opioid and non-opioid stress-induced analgesia: Differential inhibitory effects of exposure to magnetic fields: Pain Vol 32(2) Feb 1988, 223-229.
Kavaliers, M., & Ossenkopp, K.-P. (1988). Day-night rhythms of opioid and non-opioid stress-induced analgesia: Differential inhibitory effects of exposure to magnetic fields: Pain Vol 32(2) Feb 1988, 223-229.
Kavaliers, M., & Ossenkopp, K.-P. (1993). Repeated naloxone treatments and exposures to weak 60-Hz magnetic fields have "analgesic" effects in snails: Brain Research Vol 620(1) Aug 1993, 159-162.
Kavaliers, M., Ossenkopp, K.-P., & Hirst, M. (1984). Magnetic fields abolish the enhanced nocturnal analgesic response to morphine in mice: Physiology & Behavior Vol 32(2) Feb 1984, 261-264.
Kavaliers, M., Ossenkopp, K.-P., & Lipa, S. M. (1990). Dayight rhythms in the inhibitory effects of 60 Hz magnetic fields on opiate-mediated "analgesic" behaviors of the land snail, Cepaea nemoralis: Brain Research Vol 517(1-2) May 1990, 276-282.
Kavaliers, M., Ossenkopp, K.-P., & Lipa, S. M. (1990). Day-night rhythms in the inhibitory effects of 60 Hz magnetic fields on opiate-mediated "analgesic" behaviors of the land snail, Cepaea nemoralis: Brain Research Vol 517(1-2) May 1990, 276-282.
Kavaliers, M., Ossenkopp, K.-P., & Mathers, A. (1985). Magnetic fields inhibit opioid-induced feeding in the slug, Limax maximus: Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior Vol 23(5) Nov 1985, 727-730.
Kay, R. W. (1994). Geomagnetic storms: Association with incidence of depression as measured by hospital admission: British Journal of Psychiatry Vol 164 Mar 1994, 403-409.
Keck, M. E., Welt, T., Muller, M. B., Erhardt, A., Ohl, F., Toschi, N., et al. (2002). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases the release of dopamine in the mesolimbic and mesostriatal system: Neuropharmacology Vol 43(1) Jul 2002, 101-109.
Kerkhoff, G., Heldmann, B., Struppler, A., Havel, P., & Jahn, T. (2001). The effects of magnetic stimulations and attentional cueing on tactile extinction: Cortex Vol 37(5) Dec 2001, 719-723.
Kheifets, L., Sahl, J. D., Shimkhada, R., & Repacholi, M. H. (2005). Developing Policy in the Face of Scientific Uncertainty: Interpreting 0.3 mu T or 0.4 mu T Cutpoints from EMF Epidemiologic Studies: Risk Analysis Vol 25(4) Aug 2005, 927-936.
Kiepenheuer, J. (1984). The magnetic compass mechanism of birds and its possible association with the shifting course directions of migrants: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Vol 14(2) 1984, 81-99.
Kihlstrom, J. F. (2002). Mesmer, the Franklin Commission, and hypnosis: A counterfactual essay: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis Vol 50(4) Oct 2002, 407-419.
Kimbrell, T. A., Little, J. T., Dunn, R. T., Frye, M. A., Greenberg, B. D., Wassermann, E. M., et al. (1999). Frequency dependence of antidepressant response to left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a function of baseline cerebral glucose metabolism: Biological Psychiatry Vol 46(12) Dec 1999, 1603-1613.
Kirschvink, J. L., Walker, M. M., & Diebel, C. E. (2001). Magnetite-based magnetoreception: Current Opinion in Neurobiology Vol 11(4) Aug 2001, 462-467.
Klein, E. (2000). Magnetic brain stimulation--a new therapeutic tool in psychiatry: Israel Journal of Psychiatry and Related Sciences Vol 37(1) 2000, 1-2.
Klein, E., Kreinin, I., Chistyakov, A., Koren, D., Mecz, L., Marmur, S., et al. (1999). Therapeutic efficacy of right prefrontal slow repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depression: Archives of General Psychiatry Vol 56(4) Apr 1999, 315-320.
Kling, J. W., Yarita, M., Yamamoto, T., & Matsumiya, Y. (1990). Memory for conditioned taste aversions is diminished by transcranial magnetic stimulation: Physiology & Behavior Vol 48(5) Nov 1990, 713-717.
Kofoed, B., Bak, C. K., Rahn, E., Saermark, K., & et al. (1995). Auditory event-related magnetic fields in a tone-duration discrimination task: Source localization for the mismatch field and for a new component M2: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Vol 91(5) May 1995, 362-371.
Kogan, A. B., & Tikhonova, N. A. (1965). Action of a constant magnetic field on the movements of paramecia: Biofizika 10(2) 1965, 292-296.
Koivisto, M., Revonsuo, A., Krause, C., Haarala, C., Sillanmaki, L., Laine, M., et al. (2000). Effects of 902 MHz electromagnetic field emitted by cellular telephones on response times in humans: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 11(2) Feb 2000, 413-420.
Kopke, R. D., Wassel, R. A., Mondalek, F., Grady, B., Chen, K., Liu, J., et al. (2006). Magnetic Nanoparticles: Inner Ear Targeted Molecule Delivery and Middle Ear Implant: Audiology & Neurotology Vol 11(2) Jan 2006, 123-133.
Koren, S. A., & Persinger, M. A. (2002). Possible disruption of remote viewing by complex weak magnetic fields around the stimulus site and the possibility of accessing real phase space: A pilot study: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 95(3, Pt 1) Dec 2002, 989-998.
Kosel, M., Frick, C., Lisanby, S. H., Fisch, H.-U., & Schlaepfer, T. E. (2003). Magnetic seizure therapy improves mood in refractory major depression: Neuropsychopharmacology Vol 28(11) Nov 2003, 2045-2048.
Kozel, F. A., & George, M. S. (2002). Meta-analysis of left prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to treat depression: Journal of Psychiatric Practice Vol 8(5) Sep 2002, 270-275.
Kramarenko, A. V., & Tan, U. (2003). Effects of high-frequency electromagnetic fields on human EEG: A brain mapping study: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 113(7) Jul 2003, 1007-1019.
Krause, C. M., Sillanmaki, L., Koivisto, M., Haggqvist, A., Saarela, C., Revonsuo, A., et al. (2000). Effects of electromagnetic field emitted by cellular phones on the EEG during a memory task: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 11(4) Mar 2000, 761-764.
Krause, P., & Straube, A. (2005). Reduction of spastic tone increase induced by peripheral repetitive magnetic stimulation is frequency-independent: NeuroRehabilitation Vol 20(1) 2005, 63-65.
Krings, T., Buchbinder, B. R., Butler, W. E., Chiappa, K. H., & et al. (1997). Functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation: Complementary approaches in the evaluation of cortical motor function: Neurology Vol 48(5) May 1997, 1406-1416.
Krippner, S., & Persinger, M. (1998). Enhancement of accuracy of telepathic dreams during periods of decreased geomagnetic activity: The William Erwin experiements. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Education.
Krippner, S., Vaughan, A., & Spottiswoode, S. J. P. (2000). Geomagnetic factors in subjective precognitive dream experiences: Journal of the Society for Psychical Research Vol 64(859) Apr 2000, 109-117.
Kuhn, A. A., Trottenberg, T., Kupsch, A., & Meyer, B. U. (2002). Pseudo-bilateral hand motor responses evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation in patients with deep brain stimulators: Clinical Neurophysiology Vol 113(3) Mar 2002, 341-345.
Kuhne, G.-E., & Lemke, S. (1985). Biomagnetism in the view of neuropsychiatry: Basis of development of new diagnostic procedures: Psychiatrie, Neurologie und Medizinische Psychologie Vol 37(4) Apr 1985, 189-196.
Kunzendorf, R. G. (1987). Geophysical variables and behavior: XL. Electromagnetic stimulation of "extrasensory" evoked potentials: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 64(3, Pt 1) Jun 1987, 1015-1018.
Laforge, H., Sadeghi, M. R., & Seguin, M. K. (1986). Magnetostatic field effect: Stress syndrome pattern and functional relation with intensity: Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied Vol 120(3) May 1986, 299-304.
Lamme, V. A. F. (2006). Zap! Magnetic tricks on conscious and unconscious vision: Trends in Cognitive Sciences Vol 10(5) May 2006, 193-195.
Landgrebe, M., Hauser, S., Langguth, B., Frick, U., Hajak, G., & Eichhammer, P. (2007). Altered cortical excitability in subjectively electrosensitive patients: Results of a pilot study: Journal of Psychosomatic Research Vol 62(3) Mar 2007, 283-288.
Lappin, M. S. (2004). Combined effects of neurofeedback and pulsed electromagnetic fields: Journal of Neurotherapy Vol 8(2) 2004, 123-124.
Lavidor, M., Ellison, A., & Walsh, V. (2003). The cortical representation of centrally presented words: A magnetic stimulation study: Visual Cognition Vol 10(3) Apr 2003, 341-362.
Lednor, A. J., & Walcott, C. (1988). Orientation of homing pigeons at magnetic anomalies: The effects of experience: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Vol 22(1) Jan 1988, 3-8.
Lee, T. M. C., Ho, S. M. Y., Tsang, L. Y. H., Yang, S. Y. C., Li, L. S. W., & Chan, C. C. H. (2001). Effect on human attention of exposure to the electromagnetic field emitted by mobile phones: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 12(4) Mar 2001, 729-731.
Leskowitz, E. (2002). Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) and subtle energy: A proposed mechanism of action. New York, NY: W W Norton & Co.
Levillain, D., & Picat, J. (1985). Spectral analysis in evaluating the effects of magnetic fields on alpha rhythms: Annales Medico-Psychologiques Vol 143(3) Mar 1985, 235-254.
Levine, R. L., & Bluni, T. D. (1994). Magnetic field effects on spatial discrimination learning in mice: Physiology & Behavior Vol 55(3) Mar 1994, 465-467.
Levine, R. L., Dooley, J. K., & Bluni, T. D. (1995). Magnetic field effects on spatial discrimination and melatonin levels in mice: Physiology & Behavior Vol 58(3) Sep 1995, 535-537.
Lewicki, D. R., Schaut, G. H., & Persinger, M. A. (1987). Geophysical variables and behavior: XLIV. Days of subjective precognitive experiences and the days before the actual events display correlated geomagnetic activity: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 65(1) Aug 1987, 173-174.
Liboff, A. R., & Jenrow, K. A. (2002). Physical mechanisms in neuroelectromagnetic therapies: NeuroRehabilitation Vol 17(1) 2002, 9-22.
Lin, J. C., & et al. (1985). Geophysical variables and behavior: XXVII. Magnetic necklace: Its therapeutic effectiveness on neck and shoulder pain: II. Psychological assessment: Psychological Reports Vol 56(2) Apr 1985, 639-649.
Lin, V. W. H., Hsiao, I., & Kingery, W. S. (2002). High intensity magnetic stimulation over the lumbosacral spine evokes antinociception in rats: Clinical Neurophysiology Vol 113(7) Jul 2002, 1006-1012.
Lin, Y.-Y., Liao, K.-K., Wang, S.-J., Tang, S., & et al. (1994). Masseter silent period: A study of magnetic stimulation: Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology: Electromyography & Motor Control Vol 93(5) Oct 1994, 404-406.
Lisanby, S. H. (2002). Update on magnetic seizure therapy: A novel form of convulsive therapy: Journal of ECT Vol 18(4) Dec 2002, 182-188.
Lisanby, S. H. (2003). Focal brain stimulation with repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS): Implications for the neural circuitry of depression: Psychological Medicine Vol 33(1) Jan 2003, 7-13.
Lisanby, S. H., Schlaepfer, T. E., Fisch, H.-U., & Sackeim, H. A. (2001). Magnetic seizure therapy of major depression: Archives of General Psychiatry Vol 58(3) Mar 2001, 303-305.
loale, P., Odetti, F., & Gagliardo, A. (2006). Do bearing magnets affect the extent of deflection in clock-shifted homing pigeons? : Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Vol 60(4) Aug 2006, 516-521.
Lockwood, D. R., Kwon, B., Smith, J. C., & Houpt, T. A. (2003). Behavioral effects of static high magnetic fields on unrestrained and restrained mice: Physiology & Behavior Vol 78(4-5) Apr 2003, 635-640.
Loddenkemper, T., Kellinghaus, C., & Luders, H. O. (2003). "Effects of subthalamic nucleus (STN) stimulation on motor cortex excitability": Comment: Neurology Vol 60(5) Mar 2003, 885-886.
Lohman, K. J., & Lohmann, C. M. F. (2006). Sea turtles, lobsters, and oceanic magnetic maps: Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology Vol 39(1) Mar 2006, 49-64.
Lohmann, K. J. (1985). Geomagnetic field detection by the western Atlantic spiny lobster, Panulirus argus: Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology Vol 12(1) Nov 1985, 1-17.
Lohmann, K. J., Cain, S. D., Dodge, S. A., & Lohmann, C. M. F. (2001). Regional magnetic fields as navigational markers for sea turtles: Science Vol 294(5541) Oct 2001, 364-366.
Lohmann, K. J., Lohmann, C. M. F., Ehrhart, L. M., Bagley, D. A., & Swing, T. (2004). Geomagnetic map used in sea-turtle navigation: Nature Vol 428(6986) Apr 2004, 909-910.
London, I. D. (1945). An examination of Sickles' 'psycho-geometry of order.' Psychological Review Vol 52(4) Jul 1945, 199-206.
Loo, C., Mitchell, P., Sachdev, P., McDarmont, B., Parker, G., & Gandevia, S. (1999). Double-blind controlled investigation of transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of resistant major depression: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 156(6) Jun 1999, 946-948.
Loo, C. K., Mitchell, P. B., Croker, V. M., Malhi, G. S., Wen, W., Gandevia, S. C., et al. (2003). Double-blind controlled investigation of bilateral prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimiulation for the treatment of resistant major depression: Psychological Medicine Vol 33(1) Jan 2003, 33-40.
Loo, C. K., Taylor, J. L., Gandevia, S. C., McDarmont, B. N., Mitchell, P. B., & Sachdev, P. S. (2000). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in controlled treatment studies: Are some "sham" forms active? : Biological Psychiatry Vol 47(4) Feb 2000, 325-331.
Lu, Z.-l. (1993). Neuromagnetic investigations of spontaneous and sensory-evoked activity of human cerebral cortex: Dissertation Abstracts International.
Lynn, S. J., & Lilienfeld, S. (2002). A critique of the Franklin Commission report: Hypnosis, belief, and suggestion: International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis Vol 50(4) Oct 2002, 369-386.
Lyskov, E., Juutilainen, J., Jousmaki, V., Hanninen, O., & et al. (1993). Influence of short-term exposure of magnetic field on the bioelectrical processes of the brain and performance: International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol 14(3) May 1993, 227-231.
Lyskov, E. B., Aleksanyan, Z. A., Iousmyaki, V., Medvedev, S. V., & et al. (1993). The neurophysiological effects of short-term exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic field: Human Physiology Vol 19(6) Nov-Dec 1993, 449-451.
Lyskov, E. B., Medvedev, S. V., Aleksanyan, Z. A., & Safonova, T. E. (1994). Anthropogenic extremely low frquency magnetic fields and the process of skill formation: Possible negative effect: Human Physiology Vol 20(6) Nov-Dec 1994, 431-434.
MacGregor, D. G., Slovic, P., & Morgan, M. G. (1994). Perception of risks from electromagnetic fields: A psychometric evaluation of a risk-communication approach: Risk Analysis Vol 14(5) Oct 1994, 815-828.
Madden, R. C., & Phillips, J. B. (1987). An attempt to demonstrate magnetic compass orientation in two species of mammals: Animal Learning & Behavior Vol 15(2) May 1987, 130-134.
Maes, M., De Meyer, F., Thompson, P., Peeters, D., & et al. (1994). Synchronized annual rhythms in violent suicide rate, ambient temperature and the light-dark span: Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica Vol 90(5) Nov 1994, 391-396.
Maestu, F., Garcia-Segura, J., Ortiz, T., Montoya, J., Fernandez, A., Gil-Gregorio, P., et al. (2005). Evidence of Biochemical and Biomagnetic Interactions in Alzheimer's Disease: An MEG and MR Spectroscopy Study: Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders Vol 20(2-3) Aug 2005, 145-152.
Maier, R., Greter, S. E., & Maier, N. (2004). Effects of pulsed electromagnetic fields on cognitive processes - A pilot study on pulsed field interference with cognitive regeneration: Acta Neurologica Scandinavica Vol 110(1) Jul 2004, 46-52.
Makarec, K., & Persinger, M. A. (1987). Geophysical variables and behavior: XLIII. Negative correlation between accuracy of card-guessing and geomagnetic activity: A case study: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 65(1) Aug 1987, 105-106.
Makarova, I. I. (2000). Geomagnetic effects on the corticocaudal mechanisms of auditory stimuli processing in cats: Aviakosmicheskaya i Ecologicheskaya Meditsina Vol 34(3) 2000, 47-51.
Manes, F., Jorge, R., Morcuende, M., Yamada, T., Paradiso, S., & Robinson, R. G. (2001). A controlled study of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a treatment of depression in the elderly: International Psychogeriatrics Vol 13(2) Jun 2001, 225-231.
Mann, K., & Roschke, J. (1996). Effects of pulsed high-frequency electromagnetic fields on human sleep: Neuropsychobiology Vol 33(1) Jan 1996, 41-47.
Marino, A. A., Nilsen, E., & Frilot, C. (2002). Consistent magnetic-field induced dynamical changes in rabbit brain activity detected by recurrence quantification analysis: Brain Research Vol 951(2) Oct 2002, 301-310.
Marino, A. A., Nilsen, E., & Frilot, C. (2003). Consistent magnetic-field induced dynamical changes in rabbit brain activity detected by recurrence quantification analysis: Brain Research Vol 964(2) Feb 2003, 317-326.
Marino, A. A., Nilsen, E., & Frilot, C. (2003). Localization of electroreceptive function in rabbits: Physiology & Behavior Vol 79(4-5) Sep 2003, 803-810.
Markwort, S., Cordes, P., & Aldenhoff, J. (1997). Transcranial magnet stimulation as a therapeutic alternative to electroconvulsive therapy in therapy-resistant depressions: Fortschritte der Neurologie, Psychiatrie Vol 65(12) Dec 1997, 540-549.
Martin, L. J., Koren, S. A., & Persinger, M. A. (2004). Thermal analgesic effects from weak, complex magnetic fields and pharmacological interactions: Pharmacology, Biochemistry and Behavior Vol 78(2) Jun 2004, 217-227.
Martin, L. J., & Persinger, M. A. (2003). Spatial heterogeneity not homogeneity of the magnetic field during exposures to complex frequency-modulated patterns facilitates analgesia: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 96(3) Jun 2003, 1005-1012.
Massot, O., Grimaldi, B., Bailly, J.-M., Kochanek, M., Deschamps, F., Lambrozo, J., et al. (2000). Magnetic field desensitizes 5-HT-sub(1B ) receptor in brain: Pharmacological and functional studies: Brain Research Vol 858(1) Mar 2000, 143-150.
Mathis, A., & Moore, F. R. (1988). Geomagnetism and the homeward orientation of the box turtle, Terrapene carolina: Ethology formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie Vol 78(4) Aug 1988, 265-274.
Mattes, J. A. (1999). Mood improvement from transcranial magnetic stimulation: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 156(4) Apr 1999, 669-670.
McFadden, J. (2002). The conscious electromagnetic information (cemi) field theory: The hard problem made easy? : Journal of Consciousness Studies Vol 9(8) Aug 2002, 45-60.
McFadden, J. (2002). Synchronous firing and its influence on the brain's electromagnetic field: Evidence for an electromagnetic field theory of consciousness: Journal of Consciousness Studies Vol 9(4) Apr 2002, 23-50.
McIsaac, H. P. (1991). The orientation behavior of homing pigeons (Columba livia) flown from familiar release sites: Dissertation Abstracts International.
McIsaac, H. P., & Kreithen, M. L. (1987). Attempts to condition homing pigeons to magnetic cues in an outdoor flight cage: Animal Learning & Behavior Vol 15(2) May 1987, 118-123.
McKay, B. E., Koren, S. A., & Persinger, M. A. (2003). Behavioral effects of combined perinatal L-name and 0.5 Hz magnetic field treatments: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 113(1) Jan 2003, 119-139.
McKay, B. E., & Persinger, M. A. (1999). Geophysical variables and behavior: LXXXVII : Effects of synthetic and natural geomagnetic patterns on maze learning: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 89(3, Pt 1) Dec 1999, 1023-1024.
McKay, B. E., & Persinger, M. A. (2000). Application timing of complex magnetic fields delineates windows of posttraining-pretesting vulnerability for spatial and motivational behaviors in rats: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 103(1-4) 2000, 69-77.
McKay, B. E., & Persinger, M. A. (2003). Combined effects of complex magnetic fields and agmatine for contextual fear learning deficits in rats: Life Sciences Vol 72(22) Apr 2003, 2489-2498.
McKay, B. E., & Persinger, M. A. (2005). Complex magnetic fields enable static magnetic field cue use for rats in radial maze tasks: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 115(5) May 2005, 625-648.
McKay, B. E., & Persinger, M. A. (2006). Weak, physiologically patterned magnetic fields do not affect maze performance in normal rats, but disrupt seized rats normalized with ketamine: Possible support for a neuromatrix concept? : Epilepsy & Behavior Vol 8(1) Feb 2006, 137-144.
McKay, B. E., St-Pierre, L. S., & Persinger, M. A. (2003). Radial maze proficiency of adult Wistar rats given prenatal complex magnetic field treatments: Developmental Psychobiology Vol 42(1) Jan 2003, 1-8.
McLean, M., Engstrom, S., & Holcomb, R. (2001). Magnetic field therapy for epilepsy: Epilepsy & Behavior Vol 2(3,Part2) Jun 2001, S81-S87.
McLean, M., Engstrom, S., & Holcomb, R. (2001). Static magnetic fields for the treatment of pain: Epilepsy & Behavior Vol 2(3,Part2) Jun 2001, S74-S80.
Medvedev, S. V., Lyskov, E. B., Aleksanyan, Z. A., Jousmiaki, V., & et al. (1992). Dynamics of brain electrical activity and reaction time after exposure to alternating magnetic fields: Human Physiology Vol 18(5) Sep-Oct 1992, 339-344.
Meyer, M. E., & Lambe, D. R. (1966). Sensitivity of the pigeon to changes in the magnetic field: Psychonomic Science Vol 5(9) 1966, 349-350.
Michaud, L. Y., & Persinger, M. A. (1985). Geophysical variables and behavior: XXV. Alterations in memory for a narrative following application of theta frequency electromagnetic fields: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 60(2) Apr 1985, 416-418.
Michon, A., Koren, S. A., & Persinger, M. A. (1996). Attempts to simulate the association between geomagnetic activity and spontaneous seizures in rats using experimentally generated magnetic fields: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 82(2) Apr 1996, 619-626.
Mihalik, V., & Saling, M. (1989). Continual monitoring of reaching in rat using magnetic induction law: Physiology & Behavior Vol 45(2) Feb 1989, 351-354.
Miller, M. B., Fendrich, R., Eliassen, J. C., Demirel, S., & Gazzaniga, M. S. (1996). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: Delays in visual suppression due to luminance changes: Neuroreport: An International Journal for the Rapid Communication of Research in Neuroscience Vol 7(11) Jul 1996, 1740-1744.
Molinuevo, J. L., Valls-Sole, J., & Valldeoriola, F. (2000). The effect of transcranial magentic stimulation on reaction time in progressive supranuclear palsy: Clinical Neurophysiology Vol 111(11) Nov 2000, 2008-2013.
Montiel, L. (2005). A symbolic defence of animal magnetism: A copperplate engraving by Ludwig Richter as the frontispiece of the account of the somnambulist Auguste K. (1843): History of Psychiatry Vol 16(2) Jun 2005, 203-216.
Moore, B. (1999). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: British Journal of Psychiatry Vol 174 Mar 1999, 273.
Moore, B. R., Stanhope, K. J., & Wilcox, D. (1987). Pigeons fail to detect low-frequency magnetic fields: Animal Learning & Behavior Vol 15(2) May 1987, 115-117.
Moore, F. R. (1985). Integration of environmental stimuli in the migratory orientation of the savannah sparrow (Passerculus sandwichensis): Animal Behaviour Vol 33(2) May 1985, 657-663.
Mora, C. V., Davison, M., Wild, J. M., & Walker, M. M. (2004). Magnetoreception and its trigeminal mediation in the homing pigeon: Nature Vol 432(7016) Nov 2004, 508-511.
Morris, G. L., III. (2003). A retrospective analysis of the effects of magnet-activated stimulation in conjunction with vagus nerve stimulation therapy: Epilepsy & Behavior Vol 4(6) Dec 2003, 740-745.
Mortifee, P., Stewart, H., Schulzer, M., & Eisen, A. (1994). Reliability of transcranial magnetic stimulation for mapping the human motor cortex: Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology: Electromyography & Motor Control Vol 93(2) Apr 1994, 131-137.
Moser, D. J., Jorge, R. E., Manes, F., Paradiso, S., Benjamin, M. L., & Robinson, R. G. (2002). Improved executive functioning following repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: Neurology Vol 58(8) Apr 2002, 1288-1290.
Mosimann, U. P., Marre, S. C., Schmitt, W., Hess, C. W., Fisch, H. U., & Schlaepfer, T. E. (2002). Antidepressant effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the elderly: Correlation between effect size and coil-cortex distance: Archives of General Psychiatry Vol 59(6) Jun 2002, 560-561.
Mosimann, U. P., Rihs, T. A., Engeler, J., Fisch, H.-U., & Schlaepfer, T. E. (2000). Mood effects if repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of left prefrontal cortex in healthy volunteers: Psychiatry Research Vol 94(3) Jul 2000, 251-256.
Mostafa, R. M., Mostafa, Y. M., & Ennaceur, A. (2002). Effects of exposure to extremely low-frequency magnetic field of 2 G intensity on memory and corticosterone level in rats: Physiology & Behavior Vol 76(4-5) Aug 2002, 589-595.
Mouritsen, H. (1998). Redstarts, Phoenicurus phoenicurus, can orient in a true-zero magnetic field: Animal Behaviour Vol 55(5) May 1998, 1311-1324.
Muellbacher, W., Ziemman, U., Boroojerdi, B., & Hallett, M. (2000). Effects of low-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation on motor excitability and basic motor behavior: Clinical Neurophysiology Vol 111(6) Jun 2000, 1002-1007.
Muheim, R., Edgar, N. M., Sloan, K. A., & Phillips, J. B. (2006). Magnetic Compass Orientation in C57BL/6J Mice: Learning & Behavior Vol 34(4) Nov 2006, 366-373.
Mulleners, W. M., Chronicle, E. P., Palmer, J. E., Koehler, P. J., & Vredeveld, J. W. (2001). Suppression of perception in migraine: Evidence for reduced inhibition in the visual cortex: Neurology Vol 56(2) Jan 2001, 178-183.
Muller, M. B., Toschi, N., Kresse, A. E., Post, A., & Keck, M. E. (2000). Long-term repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation increases the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and cholecystokinin mRNA, but not neuropeptide tyrosine mRNA in specific areas of rat brain: Neuropsychopharmacology Vol 23(2) Aug 2000, 205-215.
Munro, U., & Wiltschko, W. (1993). Magnetic compass orientation in the yellow-faced honeyeater, Lichenostomus chrysops, a day migrating bird from Australia: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Vol 32(2) Feb 1993, 141-145.
Naatanen, R., & Picton, T. W. (1987). The N1 wave of the human electric and magnetic response to sound: A review and an analysis of the component structure: Psychophysiology Vol 24(4) Jul 1987, 375-425.
Nahas, Z., Bohning, D. E., Molloy, M. A., Oustz, J. A., Risch, S. C., & George, M. S. (1999). Safety and feasibility of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of anxious depression in pregnancy: A case report: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 60(1) Jan 1999, 50-52.
Nahas, Z., Li, X., Chae, J.-H., Oliver, N. C., Anderson, B., Kapp, B., et al. (2001). What does ECS stand for? Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression: Epilepsy & Behavior Vol 2(3,Part2) Jun 2001, S21-S29.
Nakayama, K. (1984). Animal Magnetism: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 29 (10), Oct, 1984.
Nedjat, S., & Folkerts, H. W. (1999). Induction of a reversible state of hypomania by rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left prefrontal lobe: Journal of ECT Vol 15(2) Jun 1999, 166-168.
Nemec, P., Altmann, J., Marhold, S., Burda, H., & Oelschlager, H. H. A. (2001). Neuroanatomy of magnetoreception: The superior colliculus involved in magnetic orientation in a mammal: Science Vol 294(5541) Oct 2001, 366-368.
Neukirch, M., Hegerl, U., Kotitz, R., Dorn, H., Gallinata, U., & Herrmann, W. M. (2002). Comparison of the amplitude/intensity function of the auditory evoked N1m and N1 components: Neuropsychobiology Vol 45(1) Jan 2002, 41-48.
Newhall, S. M. (1921). The Modification of the Intensity of Sensation by Attention: Journal of Experimental Psychology Vol 4(3) Jun 1921, 222-243.
Nitsche, M. A. (2002). Transcranial direct current stimulation: A new treatment for depression? : Bipolar Disorders Vol 4(Suppl1) Sep 2002, 98-99.
Nitsche, M. A., Liebetanz, D., F. Tergau, F., & Paulus, W. (2002). Modulation of cortical excitability in man using transcranial direct current stimulation: Nervenarzt Vol 73(4) 2002, 332-335.
No authorship, i. (1908). 'Magnetic Sense' of Direction: Psychological Bulletin Vol 5(11) Nov 1908, 376-377.
No authorship, i. (1909). Review of Die Zettschwellen fur Stimmgabeltone mittler und leiser Intensitat: Psychological Bulletin Vol 6(1) Jan 1909, 25-26.
No authorship, i. (1981). Review of Mesmerism: A Translation of the Original Scientific and Medical Writings of F. A. Mesmer: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 26 (3), Mar, 1981.
No authorship, i. (1999). It's all in the...timing: Trends in Cognitive Sciences Vol 3(12) Dec 1999, 451.
Nolte, C. M., Pittman, D. W., Kalevitch, B., Henderson, R., & Smith, J. C. (1998). Magnetic field conditioned taste aversion in rats: Physiology & Behavior Vol 63(4) Apr 1998, 683-688.
Norina, S. B., & Kossov, B. B. (2001). Law of discriminability in perceptual and electromagnetic tests: Journal of International Society of Life Information Science Vol 19(2) Sep 2001, 262-270.
Norris, W. T., & Bonnell, J. A. (1988). People in 50 Hz electric and magnetic fields: Studies in the United Kingdom. New York, NY: Alan R Liss.
Obhi, S. S., Haggard, P., Taylor, J., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2002). rTMS to the supplementary motor area disrupts bimanual coordination: Motor Control Vol 6(4) Oct 2002, 319-332.
O'Connor, R. P., & Persinger, M. A. (1997). Geophysical variables and behavior: LXXXII. A strong association between sudden infant death syndrome and increments of global geomagnetic activity--possible support for the melatonin hypothesis: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 84(2) Apr 1997, 395-402.
Ogiue-Ikeda, M., Kawato, S., & Ueno, S. (2003). The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on long-term potentiation in rat hippocampus depends on stimulus intensity: Brain Research Vol 993(1-2) Dec 2003, 222-226.
O'Keane, V. (2001). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: An alternative physical treatment in depression: Irish Journal of Psychological Medicine Vol 18(3) Sep 2001, 79-81.
Olcese, J., & Hurlbut, E. (1989). Comparative studies on the retinal dopamine response to altered magnetic fields in rodents: Brain Research Vol 498(1) Sep 1989, 145-148.
Olcese, J., Reuss, S., & Semm, P. (1988). Geomagnetic field detection in rodents: Life Sciences Vol 42(6) 1988, 605-613.
Oliveri, M., Bisiach, E., Brighina, F., Piazza, A., La Bua, V., Buffa, D., et al. (2001). rTMS of the unaffected hemisphere transiently reduces contralesional visuospatial hemineglect: Neurology Vol 57(7) Oct 2001, 1338-1340.
Oliveri, M., Rossini, P. M., Cicinelli, P., Traversa, R., Pasqualetti, P., Filippi, M. M., et al. (2000). Neurophysiological evaluation of tactile space perception deficits through transcranial magnetic stimulation: Brain Research Protocols Vol 5(1) Feb 2000, 25-29.
Oliveri, M., Rossini, P. M., Filippi, M. M., Traversa, R., Cicinelli, P., Palmieri, M. G., et al. (2000). Time-dependent activation of parieto-frontal networks for directing attention to tactile space: A study with paired transcranial magnetic stimulation pulses in right-brain-damaged patients with extinction: Brain: A Journal of Neurology Vol 123(9) Sep 2000, 1939-1947.
Olivier, E., Baker, S. N., & Lemon, R. N. (2002). Comparison of direct and indirect measurements of the central motor conduction time in the monkey: Clinical Neurophysiology Vol 113(4) Apr 2002, 469-477.
Ossenkopp, K.-P., & Cain, D. P. (1991). Inhibitory effects of powerline-frequency (60-Hz) magnetic fields on pentylenetetrazol-induced seizures and mortality in rats: Behavioural Brain Research Vol 44(2) Aug 1991, 211-216.
Padberg, F., Zwanzger, P., Keck, M. E., Kathmann, N., Mikhaiel, P., Ella, R., et al. (2002). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in major depression: Relation between efficacy and stimulation intensity: Neuropsychopharmacology Vol 27(4) Oct 2002, 638-645.
Partonen, T., Haukka, J., Nevanlinna, H., & Lonnqvist, J. (2004). Analysis of the seasonal pattern in suicide: Journal of Affective Disorders Vol 81(2) Aug 2004, 133-139.
Pascual-Leone, A. (2000). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: Time to pay attention: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 11(7) May 2000, F5-F6.
Pascual-Leone, A., Gomez-Tortosa, E., Grafman, J., & Alway, D. (1994). Induction of visual extinction by rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of parietal lobe: Neurology Vol 44(3) Mar 1994, 494-498.
Pascual-Leone, A., & Hallett, M. (1994). Induction of errors in a delayed response task by repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex: Neuroreport: An International Journal for the Rapid Communication of Research in Neuroscience Vol 5(18) Dec 1994, 2517-2520.
Pascual-Leone, A., Houser, C. M., Reese, K., Shotland, L. I., & et al. (1993). Safety of rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation in normal volunteers: Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology: Electromyography & Motor Control Vol 89(2) Apr 1993, 120-130.
Pascual-Leone, A., & Pridmore, S. (1995). Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS): Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry Vol 29(4) Dec 1995, 698.
Pascual-Leone, A., Tarazona, F., Keenan, J., Tormos, J. M., Hamilton, R., & Catala, M. D. (1999). Transcranial magnetic stimulation and neuroplasticity: Neuropsychologia Vol 37(2) Feb 1999, 207-217.
Pascual-Leone, A., Valls-Sole, J., Brasil-Neto, J. P., Cammarota, A., & et al. (1994). Akinesia in Parkinson's disease: II. Effects of subthreshold repetitive transcranial motor cortex stimulation: Neurology Vol 44(5) May 1994, 892-898.
Pascual-Leone, A., Valls-Sole, J., Brasil-Neto, J. P., Cohen, L. G., & et al. (1994). Akinesia in Parkinson's disease: I. Shortening of simple reaction time with focal, single-pulse transcranial magnetic stimulation: Neurology Vol 44(5) May 1994, 884-891.
Pascual-Leone, A., Walsh, V., & Rothwell, J. (2000). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in cognitive neuroscience--Virtual lesion, chronometry and functional connectivity: Current Opinion in Neurobiology Vol 10(2) Apr 2000, 232-237.
Patzwahl, D. R., Elbert, T., Zanker, J. M., & Altenmuller, E. O. (1996). The cortical representation of object motion in man is interindividually variable: Neuroreport: An International Journal for the Rapid Communication of Research in Neuroscience Vol 7(2) Jan 1996, 469-472.
Pecyna, M. B. (2002). Personal conditions differentiating physiological responses to extremely-low-frequency magnetic fields exposure in the light of R. B. Cattell's theory: Polish Psychological Bulletin Vol 33(3) 2002, 31-37.
Persinger, M. A. (1984). Geophysical variables and human behavior: XVIII. Expected perceptual characteristics and local distributions of close UFO reports: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 58(3) Jun 1984, 951-959.
Persinger, M. A. (1985). Geophysical variables and behavior: XXII. The tectonogenic strain continuum of unusual events: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 60(1) Feb 1985, 59-65.
Persinger, M. A. (1985). Geophysical variables and behavior: XXX. Intense paranormal experiences occur during days of quiet, global, geomagnetic activity: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 61(1) Aug 1985, 320-322.
Persinger, M. A. (1985). Subjective telepathic experiences, geomagnetic activity and the ELF hypothesis: II. Stimulus features and neural detection: PSI Research Vol 4(2) Jun 1985, 4-23.
Persinger, M. A. (1987). Spontaneous telepathic experiences from Phantasms of the Living and low global geomagnetic activity: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research Vol 81(1) Jan 1987, 23-36.
Persinger, M. A. (1993). Geophysical variables and behavior: LXXI. Differential contribution of geomagnetic activity to paranormal experiences concerning death and crisis: An alternative to the ESP hypothesis: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 76(2) Apr 1993, 555-562.
Persinger, M. A. (1994). Elicitation of "childhood memories" in hypnosis-like settings is associated with complex partial epileptic-like signs for women but not for men: Implications for the False Memory Syndrome: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 78(2) Apr 1994, 643-651.
Persinger, M. A. (1995). Geophysical variables and behavior: LXXIX. Overt limbic seizures are associated with concurrent and premidscotophase geomagnetic activity: Synchronization by prenocturnal feeding: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 81(1) Aug 1995, 83-93.
Persinger, M. A. (1995). On the possibility of directly accessing every human brain by electromagnetic induction of fundamental algorithms: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 80(3, Pt 1) Jun 1995, 791-799.
Persinger, M. A. (1995). Out-of-body-like experiences are more probable in people with elevated complex partial epileptic-like signs during periods of enhanced geomagnetic activity: A nonlinear effect: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 80(2) Apr 1995, 563-569.
Persinger, M. A. (1997). Geomagnatic variables and behavior: LXXXIII. Increased ceomagnetic activity and group aggression in chronic limbic epileptic male rats: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 85(3, Pt 2) Dec 1997, 1376-1378.
Persinger, M. A. (1999). Increased emergence of alpha activity over the left but not the right temporal lobe within a dark acoustic chamber: Differential response of the left but not the right hemisphere to transcerebral magnetic fields: International Journal of Psychophysiology Vol 34(2) Nov 1999, 163-169.
Persinger, M. A. (1999). Is there more than one source for the temporal binding factor for human consciousness? : Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 89(3, Pt 2) Dec 1999, 1259-1262.
Persinger, M. A. (2002). Geophysical variables and behavior: XCVIII. Ambient geomagnetic activity and experiences of "memories": Interactions with sex and implications for receptive psi experiences: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 94(3,Pt2) Jun 2002, 1271-1282.
Persinger, M. A. (2004). Weak-to-moderate correlations between global geomagnetic activity and reports of diminished pleasantness: A nonspecific source for multiple behavioral correlates? : Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 98(1) Feb 2004, 78-80.
Persinger, M. A., & Belanger-Chellew, G. (1999). Facilitation of seizures in limbic epileptic rats by complex 1 microTesla magnetic fields: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 89(2) Oct 1999, 486-492.
Persinger, M. A., & Cameron, R. A. (1986). Are earth faults at fault in some poltergeist-like episodes? : Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research Vol 80(1) Jan 1986, 49-73.
Persinger, M. A., Cook, C. M., & Tiller, S. G. (2002). Enhancement of images of possible memories of others during exposure to circumcerebral magnetic fields: Correlations with ambient geomagnetic activity: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 95(2) Oct 2002, 531-543.
Persinger, M. A., & Healey, F. (2002). Experimental facilitation of the sensed presence: Possible intercalation between the hemispheres induced by complex magnetic fields: Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease Vol 190(8) Aug 2002, 533-541.
Persinger, M. A., & Hodge, K.-A. (1999). Geophysical variables and behavior: LXXXVI. Geomagnetic activity as a partial parturitional trigger--Are male babies more affected than female babies? : Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 88(3, Pt 2) Jun 1999, 1177-1180.
Persinger, M. A., & Koren, S. A. (2001). Experiences of spiritual visitation and impregnation: Potential induction by frequency-modulated transients from an adjacent clock: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 92(1) Feb 2001, 35-36.
Persinger, M. A., Koren, S. A., & O'Connor, R. P. (2001). Geophysical variables and behavior: CIV. Power-frequency magnetic field transients (5 microtesla) and reports of haunt experiences within an electronically dense house: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 92(3,Pt1) Jun 2001, 673-674.
Persinger, M. A., & Krippner, S. (1989). Dream ESP experiments and geomagnetic activity: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research Vol 83(2) Apr 1989, 101-116.
Persinger, M. A., & Makarec, K. (1987). Possible learned detection of exogenous brain frequency electromagnetic fields: A case study: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 65(2) Oct 1987, 444-446.
Persinger, M. A., & Nolan, M. (1984). Geophysical variables and behavior: XX. Weekly numbers of mining accidents and the weather matrix: The importance of geomagnetic variation and barometric pressure: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 59(3) Dec 1984, 719-722.
Persinger, M. A., Richards, P. M., & Koren, S. A. (1994). Differential ratings of pleasantness following right and left hemispheric application of low energy magnetic fields that stimulate long-term potentiation: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 79(3-4) Dec 1994, 191-197.
Persinger, M. A., Richards, P. M., & Koren, S. A. (1997). Differential entrainment of electroencephalographic activity by weak complex electromagnetic fields: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 84(2) Apr 1997, 527-536.
Persinger, M. A., & Schaut, G. B. (1988). Geomagnetic factors in subjective telepathic, precognitive, and postmortem experiences: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research Vol 82(3) Jul 1988, 217-235.
Persinger, M. A., St-Pierre, L. S., & Koren, S. A. (2001). Geophysical variables and behavior: XCI. Ambulatory behavior in rats following prenatal exposures to complex magnetic fields designed to interact with genetic expression: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 92(1) Feb 2001, 183-192.
Pettersson, J., Sandberg, R., & Alerstam, T. (1991). Orientation of robins, Erithacus rubecula, in a vertical magnetic field: Animal Behaviour Vol 41(3) Mar 1991, 533-536.
Phillips, J. B., & Borland, S. C. (1992). Behavioural evidence for use of a light-dependent magnetoreception mechanism by a vertebrate: Nature Vol 359(6391) Sep 1992, 142-144.
Pihko, E., Lauronen, L., Wikstrom, H., Taulu, S., Nurminen, J., Kivitie-Kallio, S., et al. (2004). Somatosensory evoked potentials and magnetic fields elicited by tactile stimulation of the hand during active and quiet sleep in newborns: Clinical Neurophysiology Vol 115(2) Feb 2004, 448-455.
Platt, T. L. (2007). The effects of static magnetic fields on directionality in humans. Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences and Engineering.
Plekhanov, G. F., & Vediushkina, V. V. (1966). Vascular CR in man to a change of the intensity of a high frequency electromagnetic field: Zhurnal Vysshei Nervnoi Deyatel'nosti 16(1) 1966, 34-37.
Pockett, S. (2002). Difficulties with the electromagnetic field theory of consciousness: Journal of Consciousness Studies Vol 9(4) Apr 2002, 51-56.
Pollok, B., Moll, M., Schmitz, F., Muller, K., & Schnitzler, A. (2002). Rapid mapping of finger representations in human primary somatosensory cortex applying neuromagnetic steady-state responses: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 13(2) Feb 2002, 235-238.
Post, R. M., Kimbrell, T. A., McCann, U. D., Dunn, R. T., Osuch, E. A., Speer, A. M., et al. (1999). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation as a neuropsychiatric tool: Present status and future potential: Journal of ECT Vol 15(1) Mar 1999, 39-59.
Preece, A. W. (2000). Mobile phones and human heads: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 11(2) Feb 2000, i.
Pridmore, S., Bruno, R., Turnier-Shea, Y., Rybak, M., & Reid, P. (2001). Postexercise facilitation appears durable in normal subjects: Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences Vol 55(2) Apr 2001, 157-159.
Pridmore, S., Khan, U., Rosa, M. A., & George, M. S. (2003). Information for assistants of repeated transcranial magnetic stimulation: International Journal of Mental Health Nursing Vol 12(1) Mar 2003, 22-29.
Quinn, S. O. B. (2007). How Southern New England became magnetic north: The acceptance of animal magnetism: History of Psychology Vol 10(3) Aug 2007, 231-248.
Radin, D. I., McAlpine, S., & Cunningham, S. (1994). Geomagnetism and psi in the ganzfeld: Journal of the Society for Psychical Research Vol 59(834) Jan 1994, 352-363.
Radin, D. I., McAlpine, S., & Cunningham, S. (1998). Geomagnitism and psi in the ganzfeld. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Education.
Radin, D. I., & Rebman, J. M. (1998). Seeking psi in the casino: Journal of the Society for Psychical Research Vol 62(850) Jan 1998, 193-219.
Rami-Gonzalez, L., Bernardo, M., Boget, T., Gironell, A., & Salamero, M. (2002). Repetitive magnetic transcranial stimulation in the treatment of mental disorders: Revista de Psiquiatria de la Facultad de Medicina de Barcelona Vol 29(1) Jan-Feb 2002, 18-22.
Randall, W. (1994). Orbital sine curves and human conceptions in the United States of America: Biological Rhythm Research Vol 25(4) Nov 1994, 397-414.
Regan, D., & He, P. (1996). Magnetic and electrical brain responses to chromatic contrast in human: Vision Research Vol 36(1) Jan 1996, 1-18.
Reid, P. D., & Pridmore, S. (1999). Dexamethasone suppression test reversal in rapid transcranial magnetic stimulation-treated depression: Australian and New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry Vol 33(2) Apr 1999, 274-277.
Reid, P. D., Shajahan, P. M., Glabus, M. F., & Ebmeier, K. P. (1998). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression: British Journal of Psychiatry Vol 173 Dec 1998, 449-452.
Rhodes, S. K., Nugent, K. A., & Roberts, A. (2002). Precision measurement of the electromagnetic fields in the focal region of a high-numerical-aperture lens using a tapered fiber probe: Journal of the Optical Society of America, A, Optics, Image Science & Vision Vol 19(8) Aug 2002, 1689-1693.
Richards, M. A., Koren, S. A., & Persinger, M. A. (2002). Circumcerebral application of weak complex magnetic fields with derivatives and changes in electroencephalographic power spectra within the theta range: Implications for states of consciousness: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 95(2) Oct 2002, 671-686.
Richards, P. M., Koren, S. A., & Persinger, M. A. (1992). Experimental stimulation by burst-firing weak magnetic fields over the right temporal lobe may facilitate apprehension in women: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 75(2) Oct 1992, 667-670.
Richards, P. M., Persinger, M. A., & Koren, S. A. (1993). Modification of activation and evaluation properties of narratives by weak complex magnetic field patterns that simulate limbic burst firing: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 71(1-4) Jul-Aug 1993, 71-85.
Ricker, J. P., & Hirsch, J. (1985). Evolution of an instinct under long-term divergent selection for geotaxis in domesticated populations of Drosophila melanogaster: Journal of Comparative Psychology Vol 99(4) Dec 1985, 380-390.
Rickli, M., & Leuthold, R. H. (1988). Homing in harvester termites: Evidence of magnetic orientation: Ethology formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie Vol 77(3) Mar 1988, 209-216.
Ro, T., Farne, A., & Chang, E. (2002). Locating the human frontal eye fields with transcranial magnetic stimulation: Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology Vol 24(7) Oct 2002, 930-940.
Rockstroh, B., Clementz, B. A., Pantev, C., Blumenfeld, L. D., Sterr, A., & Elbert, T. (1998). Failure of dominant left-hemispheric activation to right-ear stimulation in schizophrenia: Neuroreport: An International Journal for the Rapid Communication of Research in Neuroscience Vol 9(17) Dec 1998, 3819-3822.
Rogers, L. J., Munro, U., Freire, R., Wiltschko, R., & Wiltschko, W. (2008). Lateralized response of chicks to magnetic cues: Behavioural Brain Research Vol 186(1) Jan 2008, 66-71.
Rojas, D. C., Walker, J. R., Sheeder, J. L., Teale, P. D., & Reite, M. L. (1998). Developmental changes in refractoriness of the neuromagnetic M100 in children: Neuroreport: An International Journal for the Rapid Communication of Research in Neuroscience Vol 9(7) May 1998, 1543-1547.
Roney-Dougal, S. M., & Vogl, G. (1993). Some speculations on the effect of geomagnetism on the pineal gland: Journal of the Society for Psychical Research Vol 59(830) Jan 1993, 1-15.
Rosler, K. M., Petrow, E., Mathis, J., Aranyi, Z., Hess, C. W., & Magistris, M. R. (2002). Effect of discharge desynchronization on the size of motor evoked potentials: An analysis: Clinical Neurophysiology Vol 113(11) Nov 2002, 1680-1687.
Rossi, S., Cappa, S. F., Babiloni, C., Pasqualetti, P., Miniussi, C., Carducci, F., et al. (2001). Prefrontal cortex in long-term memory: An "interference" approach using magnetic stimulation: Nature Neuroscience Vol 4(9) Sep 2001, 948-952.
Rossi, S., Cappa, S. F., Babiloni, C., Pasqualetti, P., Miniussi, C., Carducci, F., et al. (2002). "Prefontal cortex in long-term memory: An "interference" approach using magnetic stimulation". Erratum: Nature Neuroscience Vol 5(10) Oct 2002, 1017.
Rossini, P. M., Desiato, M. T., & Caramia, M. D. (1992). Age-related changes of motor evoked potentials in healthy humans: Non-invasive evaluation of central and peripheral motor tracts excitability and conductivity: Brain Research Vol 593(1) Oct 1992, 14-19.
Rubin, G. J., Das Munshi, J., & Wessely, S. (2005). Electromagnetic Hypersensitivity: A Systematic Review of Provocation Studies: Psychosomatic Medicine Vol 67(2) Mar-Apr 2005, 224-232.
Rudolph, K., Krauchi, K., Wirz-Justice, A., & Feer, H. (1985). Weak 50-Hz electromagnetic fields activate rat open field behavior: Physiology & Behavior Vol 35(4) Oct 1985, 505-508.
Ryczko, M. C., & Persinger, M. A. (2002). Increased analgesia to thermal stimuli in rats after brief exposures to complex to complex pulsed 1 microTesla magnetic fields: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 95(2) Oct 2002, 592-598.
Saba, G., Rocamora, J. F., Kalalou, K., Benadhira, R., Plaze, M., Aubriot-Delmas, B., et al. (2002). Catatonia and transcranial magnetic stimulation: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 159(10) Oct 2002, 1794.
Sachdev, P. S., McBride, R., Loo, C., Mitchell, P. M., Malhi, G. S., & Croker, V. (2002). Effects of different frequencies of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) on the forced swim test model of depression in rats: Biological Psychiatry Vol 51(6) Mar 2002, 474-479.
Sachdev, P. S., McBride, R., Loo, C. K., Mitchell, P. B., Malhi, G. S., & Croker, V. M. (2001). Right versus left prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder: A preliminary investigation: Journal of Clinical Psychiatry Vol 62(12) Dec 2001, 981-984.
Sack, A. T., Hubl, D., Prvulovic, D., Formisano, E., Jandl, M., Zanella, F. E., et al. (2002). Erratum to: The experimental combination of rTMS and fMRI reveals the functional relevance of parietal cortex for visuospatial functions: Cognitive Brain Research Vol 14(2) Aug 2002, 307.
Sack, A. T., Hubl, D., Prvulovic, D., Formisano, E., Jandl, M., Zanella, F. E., et al. (2002). The experimental combination of rTMS and fMRI reveals the functional relevance of parietal cortex for visuospatial functions: Cognitive Brain Research Vol 13(1) Feb 2002, 85-93.
Saito, Y., Yokota, T., & Yuasa, T. (1995). Suppression of motor cortical excitability by magnetic stimulation of the cerebellum: Brain Research Vol 694(1-2) Oct 1995, 200-206.
Salzinger, K., Freimark, S., McCullough, M., Phillips, D., & et al. (1990). Altered operant behavior of adult rats after perinatal exposure to a 60-Hz electromagnetic field: Bioelectromagnetics Vol 11 1990, 105-116.
Sandberg, R. (1994). Interaction of body condition and magnetic orientation in autumn migrating robins, Erithacus rubecula: Animal Behaviour Vol 47(3) Mar 1994, 679-686.
Sandyk, R. (1992). The influence of the pineal gland on migraine and cluster headaches and effects of treatment with picotesla magnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 67(1-4) Nov-Dec 1992, 145-171.
Sandyk, R. (1992). Magnetic fields in the therapy of parkinsonism: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 66(3-4) Oct 1992, 209-235.
Sandyk, R. (1992). Weak magnetic fields as a novel therapeutic modality in Parkinson's disease: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 66(1-2) Sep 1992, 1-15.
Sandyk, R. (1992). Weak magnetic fields in the treatment of Parkinson's disease with the "on-off" phenomenon: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 66(1-2) Sep 1992, 97-106.
Sandyk, R. (1993). The effects of picoTesla range magnetic fields on perceptual organization and visual memory in Parkinsonism: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 73(3-4) Dec 1993, 207-219.
Sandyk, R. (1994). Alzheimer's disease: Improvement of visual memory and visuoconstructive performance by treatment with picotesla range magnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 76(3-4) Jun 1994, 185-225.
Sandyk, R. (1994). A drug naive parkinsonian patient successfully treated with weak electromagnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 79(1-2) Nov 1994, 99-110.
Sandyk, R. (1994). Further observations on the effects of external picoTesla range magnetic fields on visual memory and visuospatial functions in multiple sclerosis: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 77(3-4) Aug 1994, 203-227.
Sandyk, R. (1994). Improvement in word-fluency performance in Parkinson's disease by administration of electromagnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 77(1-2) Jul 1994, 23-46.
Sandyk, R. (1994). Improvement in word-fluency performance in patients with multiple sclerosis by electromagnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 79(1-2) Nov 1994, 75-90.
Sandyk, R. (1994). Rapid normalization of visual evoked potentials by picoTesla range magnetic fields in chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 77(3-4) Aug 1994, 243-259.
Sandyk, R. (1994). Reversal of a visuoconstructional deficit in Parkinson's disease by application of external magnetic fields: A report of five cases: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 75(3-4) Apr 1994, 213-228.
Sandyk, R. (1994). Reversal of visuospatial hemi-inattention in patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis by treatment with weak electromagnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 79(3-4) Dec 1994, 169-184.
Sandyk, R. (1994). Treatment of Parkinson's disease with magnetic fields reduces the requirement for antiparkinsonian medications: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 74(1-4) Jan-Feb 1994, 191-201.
Sandyk, R. (1995). Improvement in short-term visual memory by weak electromagnetic fields in Parkinson's disease: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 81(1-2) Mar 1995, 67-82.
Sandyk, R. (1995). Improvement of body image perception in Parkinson's disease by treatment with weak electromagnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 82(3-4) Jun 1995, 269-283.
Sandyk, R. (1995). Improvement of right hemispheric functions in a child with Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome by weak electromagnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 81(3-4) Apr 1995, 199-213.
Sandyk, R. (1995). Parkinsonian micrographia reversed by treatment with weak electromagnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 81(1-2) Mar 1995, 83-93.
Sandyk, R. (1995). Reversal of a visuospatial deficit on the clock drawing test in Parkinson's disease by treatment with weak electromagnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 82(3-4) Jun 1995, 255-268.
Sandyk, R. (1995). Reversal of alexia in multiple sclerosis by weak electromagnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 83(1-2) Sep 1995, 69-79.
Sandyk, R. (1995). Weak electromagnetic fields improve body image perception in patients with multiple sclerosis: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 82(3-4) Jun 1995, 285-302.
Sandyk, R. (1995). Weak electromagnetic fields reverse visuospatial hemi-inattention in Parkinson's disease: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 81(1-2) Mar 1995, 47-65.
Sandyk, R. (1997). Reversal of cognitive impairment in an elderly Parkinsonian patient by transcranial application of picotesla electromagnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 91(1-2) 1997, 57-68.
Sandyk, R. (1998). Reversal of the bicycle drawing direction in Parkinson's disease by AC pulsed electromagnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 95(3-4) 1998, 255-269.
Sandyk, R. (1999). Impairment of depth perception in multiple sclerosis is improved by treatment with AC pulsed electromagnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 98(1-2) 1999, 83-94.
Sandyk, R. (1999). Treatment with AC pulsed electromagnetic fields improves olfactory function in Parkinson's disease: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 97(3-4) Apr 1999, 225-233.
Sandyk, R., & Anninos, P. A. (1992). Attenuation of epilepsy with application of external magnetic fields: A case report: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 66(1-2) Sep 1992, 75-85.
Sandyk, R., Anninos, P. A., & Tsagas, N. (1991). Age-related disruption of circadian rhythms: Possible relationship to memory impairment and implications for therapy with magnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 59(4) Aug 1991, 259-262.
Sandyk, R., Anninos, P. A., & Tsagas, N. (1991). Magnetic fields and seasonality of affective illness: Implications for therapy: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 58(3-4) Jun 1991, 261-267.
Sandyk, R., & Dann, L. C. (1995). Resolution of Lhermitte's sign in multiple sclerosis by treatment with weak electromagnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 81(3-4) Apr 1995, 215-224.
Sandyk, R., & Derpapas, K. (1993). The effects of external picoTesla range magnetic fields on the EEG in Parkinson's disease: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 70(1-2) May 1993, 85-96.
Sandyk, R., & Derpapas, K. (1994). The effects of picoTesla range magnetic fields on visuospatial functions in multiple sclerosis: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 78(1-2) Sep 1994, 103-109.
Sandyk, R., & Derpapas, K. (1994). Successful treatment of respiratory dyskinesia with picoTesla range magnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 75(1-2) Mar 1994, 91-102.
Sandyk, R., & Iacono, R. P. (1993). Rapid improvement of visuoperceptive functions by picoTesla range magnetic fields in patients with Parkinson's disease: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 70(3-4) 1993, 233-254.
Sandyk, R., & Iacono, R. P. (1993). Resolution of longstanding symptoms of multiple sclerosis by application of picoTesla range magnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 70(3-4) 1993, 255-269.
Sandyk, R., & Iacono, R. P. (1993). Reversal of visual neglect in Parkinson's disease by treatment with picoTesla range magnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 73(1-2) Nov 1993, 93-107.
Sandyk, R., & Iacono, R. P. (1994). Improvement by picoTesla range magnetic fields of perceptual-motor performance and visual memory in a patient with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 78(1-2) Sep 1994, 53-66.
Sandyk, R., & Iacono, R. P. (1994). Multiple sclerosis: Improvement of visuoperceptive functions by picoTesla range magnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 74(1-4) Jan-Feb 1994, 177-189.
Sandyk, R., & Iacono, R. P. (1994). Reversal of micrographia in Parkinson's disease by application of picoTesla range magnetic fields: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 77(1-2) Jul 1994, 77-84.
Sandyk, R., Tsagas, N., Anninos, P. A., & Derpapas, K. (1992). Magnetic fields mimic the behavioral effects of REM sleep deprivation in humans: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 65(1-4) Jul-Aug 1992, 61-68.
Sartucci, F., Bonfiglio, L., Del Seppia, C., Luschi, P., Ghione, S., Murri, L., et al. (1997). Changes in pain perception and pain-related somatosensory evoked potentials in humans produced by exposure to oscillating magnetic fields: Brain Research Vol 769(2) Sep 1997, 362-366.
Schaut, G. B., & Persinger, M. A. (1985). Geophysical variables and behavior: XXXI. Global geomagnetic activity during spontaneous paranormal experiences: A replication: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 61(2) Oct 1985, 412-414.
Schaut, G. B., & Persinger, M. A. (1985). Subjective telepathic experiences, geomagnetic activity and the elf hypothesis: I. Data analyses: PSI Research Vol 4(1) Mar 1985, 4-20.
Schleich, C. E., & Antinuchi, C. D. (2004). Testing Magnetic Orientation in a Solitary Subterranean Rodent Ctenomys talarum (Rodentia: Octodontidae): Ethology Vol 110(6) Jun 2004, 485-495.
Schluter, N. D., Rushworth, M. F. S., Mills, K. R., & Passingham, R. E. (1999). Signal-, set-, and movement-related activity in the human premotor cortex: Neuropsychologia Vol 37(2) Feb 1999, 233-243.
Schonfeldt-Lecuona, C., Spitzer, M., & Herwig, U. (2003). Positioning strategies of the transcranial magnetic stimulation: Nervenheilkunde: Zeitschrift fur interdisziplinaere Fortbildung Vol 22(4) 2003, 177-181.
Schouten, E. A., D'Alfonso, A. A., Nolen, W. A., de Haan, E. H., Wijkstra, J., & Kahn, R. S. (1999). Small effect of rapid rate transcranial magnetic stimulation on antidepressant free outpatients with a depressive disorder: Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie Vol 41(4) 1999, 233-237.
Schreiber, S., Dannon, P. N., Goshen, E., Amiaz, R., Zwas, T. S., & Grunhaus, L. (2002). Right prefrontal rTMS treatment for refractory auditory command hallucinations- a neuroSPECT assisted case study: Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging Vol 116(1-2) Nov 2002, 113-117.
Schutter, D. J. L. G., & van Honk, J. (2002). Transcranial magnetic stimulation: Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie en haar Grensgebieden Vol 57(2) Apr 2002, 58-65.
Seashore, C. E. (1911). Review of Ein tachistoscope fur reizserien: Psychological Bulletin Vol 8(1) Jan 1911, 31-32.
Sekihara, K., Nagarajan, S. S., Poeppel, D., Marantz, A., & Miyashita, Y. (2002). Application of an MEG eigenspace beamformer to reconstructing spatio-temporal activities of neural sources: Human Brain Mapping Vol 15(4) Apr 2002, 199-215.
Selitskii, G. V., Karlov, V. A., & Sorokina, N. D. (1996). Brain mechanisms of magnetic field perception in humans: Human Physiology Vol 22(4) Jul-Aug 1996, 449-454.
Selitskii, G. V., Karpov, V. A., & Sorokina, N. D. (2000). Indirect short-term influences of alternating magnetic fields on the brain in epilepsy: Neuroscience and Behavioral Physiology Vol 30(1) Jan-Feb 2000, 5-8.
Selmaoui, B., Lambrozo, J., & Touitou, Y. (1996). Magnetic fields and pineal function in humans: Evaluation of nocturnal acute exposure to extremely low frequency magnetic fields on serum melatonin and urinary 6-sulfatoxymelatonin circadian rhythms: Life Sciences Vol 58(18) Mar 1996, 1539-1549.
Semm, P., & Beason, R. C. (1990). Responses to small magnetic variations by the trigeminal system of the bobolink: Brain Research Bulletin Vol 25(5) Nov 1990, 735-740.
Senior, C. (2002). Principles, safety and utility of transcranial magnetic stimulation in cognitive neuropsychology: Australian Journal of Psychology Vol 54(1) Apr 2002, 40-45.
Senior, C., Ward, J., & David, A. S. (2002). Representational momentum and the brain: An investigation into the functional necessity of V5/MT: Visual Cognition Vol 9(1-2) Jan/Feb 2002, 81-92.
Seyal, M., Browne, J. K., Masuoka, L. K., & Gabor, A. J. (1993). Enhancement of the amplitude of somatosensory evoked potentials following magnetic pulse stimulation of the human brain: Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology: Evoked Potentials Vol 88(1) Jan-Feb 1993, 20-27.
Seyal, M., Masuoka, L. K., & Browne, J. K. (1992). Suppression of cutaneous perception by magnetic pulse stimulation of the human brain: Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology: Electromyography & Motor Control Vol 85(6) Dec 1992, 397-401.
Sherman, R. A., Acosta, N. M., & Robson, L. (1999). Treatment of migraine with pulsing electromagnetic fields: A double-blind, placebo-controlled study: Headache: The Journal of Head and Face Pain Vol 39(8) Sep 1999, 567-575.
Sidiakin, V. G., Stashkov, A. M., Yanova, N. P., Chemodanova, M. A., & et al. (1995). The physiological mechanisms of the regulation of rat zoosocial behavior under the effects of low-frequency electromagnetic fields: Fiziologicheskii Zhurnal SSSR im I M Sechenova Vol 81(4) Apr 1995, 21-31.
Sieron, A., Hese, R. T., Sobis, J., & Cieslar, G. (2004). Estimation of therapeutical efficacy of weak variable magnetic fields with low value of induction in patients with depression: Psychiatria Polska Vol 38(2) Mar-Apr 2004, 217-225.
Smith, R. F. (1985). Core temperature as a behavioral indicant of the rat's reaction to low frequency magnetic fields: Dissertation Abstracts International.
Solms, M. (1989). Three previously-untranslated reviews by Freud from the Neue Freie Presse: International Journal of Psycho-Analysis Vol 70(3) 1989, 397-403.
Speer, A. M., Repella, J. D., Figueras, S., Demian, N. K., Kimbrell, T. A., Wasserman, E. M., et al. (2001). Lack of adverse cognitive effects of 1 Hz and 20 Hz repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation at 100% of motor threshold over left prefrontal cortex in depression: Journal of ECT Vol 17(4) Dec 2001, 259-263.
Speer, A. M., Willis, M. W., Herscovitch, P., Daube-Witherspoon, M., Shelton, J. R., Benson, B. E., et al. (2003). Intensity-Dependent Regional Cerebral Blood Flow during 1-Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in Healthy Volunteers Studied with H-sub-2 superscript 1-sup-5O Positron Emission Tomography: II. Effects of Prefrontal Cortex rTMS: Biological Psychiatry Vol 54(8) Oct 2003, 826-832.
Speer, A. M., Willis, M. W., Herscovitch, P., Daube-Witherspoon, M., Shelton, J. R., Benson, B. E., et al. (2003). Intensity-Dependent Regional Cerebral Blood Flow during 1-Hz Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in Healthy Volunteers Studied with H-sub-2superscript 1-sup-5O Positron Emission Tomography: I. Effects of Primary Motor Cortex rTMS: Biological Psychiatry Vol 54(8) Oct 2003, 818-825.
Spottiswoode, S. J. P. (1997). Geomagnetic fluctuations and free-response anomalous cognition: A new understanding: Journal of Parapsychology Vol 61(1) Mar 1997, 3-12.
Spottiswoode, S. J. P. (1998). The effect of ambient magnetic field fluctuations on performance in a free-response anomalous cognition task: A pilot study. Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Education.
Srygley, R. B., Dudley, R., Oliveira, E. G., & Riveros, A. J. (2006). Experimental evidence for a magnetic sense in neotropical migrating butterflies (Lepidoptera: Piendae): Animal Behaviour Vol 71(1) Jan 2006, 183-191.
St Pierre, L. S., & Persinger, M. A. (1998). Geophysical variables and behavior: LXXXIV. Quantitative increases in group aggression in male epileptic rats during increases in geomagnetic activity: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 86(3, Pt 2) Jun 1998, 1392-1394.
Stark, R., Schienle, A., Klopper, R., & Vaiti, D. (1998). Effects of magnetic simulation through VLF-sferics on reaction time: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 86(3, Pt 1) Jun 1998, 808-810.
Stefan, K., Kunesch, E., Cohen, L. G., Benecke, R., & Classen, J. (2000). Induction of plasticity in the human motor cortex by paired associative stimulation: Brain: A Journal of Neurology Vol 123(3) Mar 2000, 572-584.
Stengers, I. (1995). The emergence of a paradigm: PsycCRITIQUES Vol 40 (4), Apr, 1995.
Stevens, P. (2005). The Effect of Weak Magnetic Fields on a Random Event Generator: Reconsidering the Role of Geomagnetic Fluctuations in MicroPK Studies: European Journal of Parapsychology Vol 20(2) 2005, 135-149.
Stevens, P. (2006). "The Effect of Weak Magnetic Fields on a Random Event Generator: Reconsidering the Role of Geomagetic Flutuations in MicroPK Studies": Erratum: European Journal of Parapsychology Vol 21(1) 2006, 88.
Stewart, L., Ellison, A., Walsh, V., & Cowey, A. (2001). The role of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in studies of vision, attention and cognition: Acta Psychologica Vol 107(1-3) Apr 2001, 275-291.
Stewart, L. S., & Persinger, M. A. (2000). Pretraining exposure to physiologically patterned electromagnetic stimulation attenuates fear-conditioned analgesia: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 100(1-4) Jan-Feb 2000, 91-98.
Stockenius, S., & Brugger, P. (2000). Perceived electrosensitivity and magical ideation: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 90(3,Pt1) Jun 2000, 899-900.
St-Pierre, L. S., Persinger, M. A., & Koren, S. A. (1998). Experimental induction of intermale aggressive behavior in limbic epileptic rats by weak, complex magnetic fields: Implications for geomagnetic activity and the modern habitat? : International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 96(3-4) Dec 1998, 149-159.
Strauss, W. L., & Dager, S. R. (2001). Magnetization transfer of fluoxetine in the human brain using fluorine magnetic resonance spectroscophy: Biological Psychiatry Vol 49(9) May 2001, 798-802.
Suess, L. A. H., & Persinger, M. A. (2001). Geophysical variables and behavior: XCVI. "Experiences" attributed to Christ and Mary at Marmora, Ontario, Canada may have been consequences of environmental electromagnetic stimulation: Implications for religious movements: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 93(2) Oct 2001, 435-450.
Sugawara, K., & Kasai, T. (2002). Facilitation of motor evoked potentials and H-reflexes of flexor carpi radialis muscle induced by voluntary teeth clenching: Human Movement Science Vol 21(2) Jul 2002, 203-212.
Swartz, C. M. (1997). Subconvulsive magnetic brain stimulation no replacement for ECT: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 154(5) May 1997, 716-717.
Szuba, M. P., O'Reardon, J. P., Rai, A. S., Snyder-Kastenberg, J., Amsterdam, J. D., Gettes, D. R., et al. (2001). Acute mood and thyroid stimulating hormone effects of transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depression: Biological Psychiatry Vol 50(1) Jul 2001, 22-27.
Tambiev, A. E., Medvedev, S. D., & Egorova, E. V. (1995). Effect of geomagnetic disturbances on the functions of attention and memory: Aviakosmicheskaya i Ecologicheskaya Meditsina Vol 29(3) 1995, 43-45.
Tanosaki, M., Iguchi, Y., Hoshi, Y., & Hashimoto, I. (2003). Tactile interference to the face affects magnetic responses elicited by electric thumb stimulation: Clinical Neurophysiology Vol 114(11) Nov 2003, 2118-2123.
Tart, C. T. (1988). Effects of electrical shielding on GESP performance: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research Vol 82(2) Apr 1988, 129-146.
Tart, C. T. (1988). Geomagnetic effects on GESP: Two studies: Journal of the American Society for Psychical Research Vol 82(3) Jul 1988, 193-216.
Temur'yants, N. A. (1995). Some mechanisms of adaptation to the combined effect of weak varying magnetic fields and hypokinesia: Aviakosmicheskaya i Ecologicheskaya Meditsina Vol 29(6) 1995, 49-54.
Tergau, F., Geese, R., Bauer, A., Baur, S., Paulus, W., & Reimers, C. D. (2000). Motor cortex fatigue in sports measured by transcranial magnetic double stimulation: Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise Vol 32(11) Nov 2000, 1942-1948.
Teyssedre, A. (1986). Radio-tracking of pigeons previously exposed to random oscillating magnetic fields: Behaviour Vol 96(3-4) Mar 1986, 265-276.
Theodore, W. H. (2001). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in epilepsy: Epilepsy & Behavior Vol 2(3,Part2) Jun 2001, S36-S40.
Theodore, W. H., Hunter, K., Chen, R., Vega-Bermudez, F., Boroojerdi, B., Reeves-Tyer, P., et al. (2002). Transcranial magnetic stimulation for the treatment of seizures: A controlled study: Neurology Vol 59(4) Aug 2002, 560-562.
Theoret, H., Kobayashi, M., Ganis, G., Di Capua, P., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2002). Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of human area MT/V5 disrupts perception and storage of the motion after effect: Neuropsychologia Vol 40(13) 2002, 2280-2287.
Thomas, A. W., Kavaliers, M., Prato, F. S., & Ossenkopp, K.-P. (1998). Analgesic effects of a specific pulsed magnetic field in the land snail, Cepaea nemoralis : Consequences of repeated exposures, relations to tolerance and cross-tolerance with DPDPE: Peptides Vol 19(2) 1998, 333-342.
Thorndike, E. L., & Upton, C. B. (1922). An experiment in learning an abstract subject: Journal of Educational Psychology Vol 13(6) Sep 1922, 321-329.
Thorup, K., Fuller, M., Alerstam, T., Hake, M., Kjellen, N., & Strandberg, R. (2006). Do migratory flight paths of raptors follow constant geographical or geomagnetic courses? : Animal Behaviour Vol 72(4) Oct 2006, 875-880.
Thoss, F., & Bartsch, B. (2007). The geomagnetic field influences the sensitivity of our eyes: Vision Research Vol 47(8) Apr 2007, 1036-1041.
Thuile, C., & Walzl, M. (2002). Evaluation of electromagnetic fields in the treatment of pain in patients with lumbar radiculopathy or the whiplash syndrome: NeuroRehabilitation Vol 17(1) 2002, 63-67.
Tiitinen, H., Sivonen, P., Alku, P., Virtanen, J., & Naatanen, R. (1999). Electromagnetic recordings reveal latency differences in speech and tone processing in humans: Cognitive Brain Research Vol 8(3) Oct 1999, 355-363.
Tiller, S. G., & Persinger, M. A. (1994). Enhanced hypnotizability by cerebrally applied magnetic fields depends upon the order of hemispheric presentation: An anistropic effect: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 79(3-4) Dec 1994, 157-163.
Tiller, S. G., & Persinger, M. A. (2002). Geophysical variables and behavior: XCVII. Increased proportions of the left-sided sense of presence induced experimentally by right hemispheric application of specific (frequency-modulated) complex magnetic fields: Perceptual and Motor Skills Vol 94(1) Feb 2002, 26-28.
Tobler, P. N., & Muri, R. M. (2002). Role of human frontal and supplementary eye fields in double step saccades: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 13(2) Feb 2002, 253-255.
Tokimura, H., Ridding, M. C., Tokimura, Y., Amassian, V. E., & et al. (1996). Short latency facilitation between pairs of threshold magnetic stimuli applied to human motor cortex: Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology: Electromyography & Motor Control Vol 101(4) Aug 1996, 263-272.
Toomingas, A. (1996). Provocation of the electromagnetic distress syndrome: Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health Vol 22(6) Dec 1996, 457-458.
Travis, F., & Durchholz, C. (2000). Can an electronic device improve mood and well-being, and decrease anxiety? : International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 103(1-4) 2000, 91-99.
Triggs, W. J., Calvanio, R., Macdonell, R. A. L., Cros, D., & et al. (1994). Physiological motor asymmetry in human handedness: Evidence from transcranial magnetic stimulation: Brain Research Vol 636(2) Feb 1994, 270-276.
Tsang, E. W., Koren, S. A., & Persinger, M. A. (2004). Electrophysiological and quantitative electroencephalographic measurements after treatment by transcerebral magnetic fields generated by compact disc through a computer sound card: The Shakti treatment: International Journal of Neuroscience Vol 114(8) Aug 2004, 1013-1024.
Tsutsumi, T., Fujiki, M., Akiyoshi, J., Akiyoshi, Y., Isogawa, K., Hori, S., et al. (2002). Effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on forced swimming test: Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry Vol 26(1) Jan 2002, 107-111.
Ueda, H., Kaeriyama, M., Mukasa, K., Urano, A., Kudo, H., Shoji, T., et al. (1998). Lacustrine sockeye salmon return straight to their natal area from open water using both visual and olfactory cues: Chemical Senses Vol 23(2) Apr 1998, 207-212.
Ugolini, A. (2001). Relationship between compass systems of orientation in equatorial sandhoppers: Animal Behaviour Vol 62(2) Aug 2001, 193-199.
Ugolini, A., & Pezzani, A. (1995). Magnetic compass and learning of the Y-axis (sea-land) direction in the marine isopod Idotea baltica basteri: Animal Behaviour Vol 50(2) Aug 1995, 295-300.
Ugolini, A., Vignali, B., & Posso, P. (1999). Talorchestia tricornuta shoemaker (Amphipoda, Talitridae) from sandy shores of Gabon: Compass mechanisms of orientation: Ethology Vol 105(1) Jan 1999, 25-36.
Usenko, G. A. (1992). Psychosomatic status and flying skill during geomagnetic disturbances: Aviakosmicheskaya i Ecologicheskaya Meditsina Vol 26(4) Jul-Aug 1992, 23-27.
Usenko, G. A., & Panin, L. E. (1993). Reactions of the blood system in flight operators with high and low levels of anxiety to geomagnetic disturbances: Aviakosmicheskaya i Ecologicheskaya Meditsina Vol 27(2) Mar-Apr 1993, 39-44.
Vanni, S., Raninen, A., Nasanen, R., Tanskanen, T., & Hyvarinen, L. (2001). Dynamics of cortical activation in a hemianopic patient: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 12(4) Mar 2001, 861-865.
Varga, P. (2002). Focusing of electromagnetic radiation by hyperboloidal and ellipsoidal lenses: Journal of the Optical Society of America, A, Optics, Image Science & Vision Vol 19(8) Aug 2002, 1658-1667.
Vargas, J. P., Siegel, J. J., & Bingman, V. P. (2006). The effects of a changing ambient magnetic field on single-unit activity in the homing pigeon hippocampus: Brain Research Bulletin Vol 70(2) Jun 2006, 158-164.
Vasilevskii, N. N., Sidorov, Y. A., & Suvorov, N. B. (1993). Role of biorhythmological processes in mechanisms of adaptation and correction of regulatory dysfunctions: Human Physiology Vol 19(1) Jan-Feb 1993, 50-54.
Verikas, A., Bacauskiene, M., Dosinas, A., Bartkevicius, V., Gelzinis, A., Vaitkunas, M., et al. (2003). An intelligent system for tuning magnetic field of a cathode ray tube deflection yoke: Knowledge-Based Systems Vol 16(3) Apr 2003, 161-164.
Voss, J., Keary, N., & Bischof, H.-J. (2007). The use of the geomagnetic field for short distance orientation in zebra finches: Neuroreport: For Rapid Communication of Neuroscience Research Vol 18(10) Jul 2007, 1053-1057.
Voustianiouk, A., & Kaufmann, H. (2000). Magnetic fields and the central nervous system: Clinical Neurophysiology Vol 111(11) Nov 2000, 1934-1935.
Walker, M. M. (1984). Studies of magnetic sensitivity in the yellowfin tuna, Thunnus albacares: Dissertation Abstracts International.
Walker, M. M., Baird, D. L., & Bitterman, M. E. (1989). Failure of stationary but not of flying honeybees (Apis mellifera) to respond to magnetic field stimuli: Journal of Comparative Psychology Vol 103(1) Mar 1989, 62-69.
Walker, M. M., Dennis, T. E., & Kirschvink, J. L. (2002). The magnetic sense and its use in long-distance navigation by animals: Current Opinion in Neurobiology Vol 12(6) Dec 2002, 735-744.
Walker, M. M., Diebel, C. E., Haugh, C. V., Pankhurst, P. M., Montgomery, J. C., & Green, C. R. (1997). Structure and function of the vertebrate magnetic sense: Nature Vol 390(6658) Nov 1997, 371-376.
Wallraff, H. G., & Sinsch, U. (1988). The "outward-journey problem" in pigeon homing: Reply to Wiltschko & Wiltschko (1988): Ethology formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie Vol 78(3) Jul 1988, 254-255.
Walsh, V., Ellison, A., Ashbridge, E., & Cowey, A. (1999). The role of the parietal cortex in visual attention--hemispheric asymmetries and the effects of learning: A magnetic stimulation study: Neuropsychologia Vol 37(2) Feb 1999, 245-251.
Walsh, V., & Rushworth, M. (1999). A primer of magnetic stimulation as a tool for neuropsychology: Neuropsychologia Vol 37(2) Feb 1999, 125-135.
Walter, G., Tormos, J. M., Israel, J. A., & Pascual-Leone, A. (2001). Trascranial magnetic stimulation in young persons: A review of known cases: Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology Vol 11(1) Spr 2001, 69-75.
Wang, H., Wang, X., & Scheich, H. (1996). LTD and LTP induced by transcranial magnetic stimulation in auditory cortex: Neuroreport: An International Journal for the Rapid Communication of Research in Neuroscience Vol 7(2) Jan 1996, 521-525.
Wassermann, E. M. (2001). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in disorders of movement: The therapeutic outlook: Epilepsy & Behavior Vol 2(3,Part2) Jun 2001, S41-S44.
Wassermann, E. M., & Lisanby, S. H. (2001). Therapeutic application of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: A review: Clinical Neurophysiology Vol 112(8) Aug 2001, 1367-1377.
Weaver, J. C., Vaughan, T. E., & Astumian, R. D. (2000). Biological sensing of small field differences by magnetically sensitive chemical reactions: Nature Vol 405(6787) Jun 2000, 707-709.
Weindler, P., Beck, W., Liepa, V., & Wiltschko, W. (1995). Development of migratory orientation in pied flycatchers in different magnetic inclinations: Animal Behaviour Vol 49(1) Jan 1995, 227-234.
Weindler, P., Bohme, F., Liepa, V., & Wiltschko, W. (1998). The role of daytime cues in the development of magnetic orientation in a night-migrating bird: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Vol 42(4) Apr 1998, 289-294.
Wiedemann, P. M., & Schultz, H. (1995). The electromagnetic fields risk issue: Constructing scenarios on the further development of public debate in Germany: European Review of Applied Psychology/Revue Europeenne de Psychologie Appliquee Vol 45(1) 1995, 35-41.
Wienbruch, C., Moratti, S., Elbert, T., Vogel, U., Fehr, T., Kissler, J., et al. (2003). Source distribution of neuromagnetic slow wave activity in schizophrenic and depressive patients: Clinical Neurophysiology Vol 114(11) Nov 2003, 2052-2060.
Willows, A. O. D. (1999). Shoreward orientation involving geomagnetic cues in the nudibranch mollusc Tritonia diomedea: Marine and Freshwater Behaviour and Physiology Vol 32(2-3) 1999, 181-192.
Wiltschko, R., & Wiltschko, W. (1988). "The role of 'outward-journey information' in homing experiments with pigeons": Comment to Wallraff & Sinsch (1988): Ethology formerly Zeitschrift fur Tierpsychologie Vol 78(3) Jul 1988, 251-253.
Wiltschko, R., & Wiltschko, W. (2001). Clock-shift experiments with homing pigeons: A compromise between solar and magnetic information? : Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Vol 49(5) 2001, 393-400.
Wiltschko, R., & Wiltschko, W. (2003). Orientation behavior of homing pigeons at the Gernsheim anomaly: Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Vol 54(6) Nov 2003, 562-572.
Wiltschko, R., & Wiltschko, W. (2007). When does bearing magnets affect the size of deflection in clock-shifted homing pigeons? : Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology Vol 61(3) Jan 2007, 493-495.
Wiltschko, W., Munro, U., Ford, H., & Wiltschko, R. (1993). Red light disrupts magnetic orientation of migratory birds: Nature Vol 364(6437) Aug 1993, 525-527.
Wiltschko, W., Traudt, J., Gunturkun, O., Prior, H., & Wiltschko, R. (2002). Lateralization of magnetic compass orientation in a migratory bird: Nature Vol 419(6906) Oct 2002, 467-470.
Wiltschko, W., & Wiltschko, R. (1992). Migratory orientation: Magnetic compass orientation of garden warblers (Sylvia borin) after a simulated crossing of the magnetic equator: Ethology Vol 91(1) May 1992, 70-74.
Wiseman, R., Watt, C., Greening, E., Stevens, P., & O'Keefe, C. (2002). An investigation into the alleged haunting of Hampton Court Palace: Psychological variables and magnetic fields: Journal of Parapsychology Vol 66(4) Dec 2002, 387-408.
Wiseman, R., Watt, C., Stevens, P., Greening, E., & O'Keeffe, C. (2003). An investigation into alleged 'hauntings': British Journal of Psychology Vol 94(2) May 2003, 195-211.
Yoney, T. H. (2001). Psychiatric applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation: Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi Vol 12(4) 2001, 293-300.
Yu, H.-C., Liao, K.-K., Chang, T.-J., & Tsai, S.-J. (2002). Transcranial magnetic stimulation in schizophrenia: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 159(3) Mar 2002, 494-495.
Zalud, V., Barcal, J., Cendelin, J., & Vozeh, F. (2001). EEG recording in mice during exposure to high-frequency electromagnetic field: Homeostasis in Health and Disease Vol 41(5) 2001, 203-206.
Ziemann, U., Tergau, F., Netz, J., & Homberg, V. (1997). Delay in simple reaction time after focal transcranial magnetic stimulation of the human brain occurs at the final motor output stage: Brain Research Vol 744(1) Jan 1997, 32-40.
Zilberman, M. S. (1995). Public numerical lotteries: An international parapsychological experiment covering a decade: A data analysis of French and Soviet numerical lotteries: Journal of the Society for Psychical Research Vol 60(838) Jan 1995, 149-160.
Zmyslony, M., Mamrot, P., & Politanski, P. (2004). Exposure of nurses to eletromagnetic fields: Medycyna Pracy Vol 55(2) 2004, 183-187.
Zwanzger, P., Minov, C., Ella, R., Schule, C., Baghai, T., Moller, H.-J., et al. (2002). Transcranial magnetic stimulation for panic: American Journal of Psychiatry Vol 159(2) Feb 2002, 315-316.
Zyss, T. (1992). Is the electroconvulsive therapy obliged to elicit seizures: Magnetic brain stimulation as a hypothesis of a new psychiatric therapy: Psychiatria Polska Vol 26(6) Nov-Dec 1992, 531-541.
Zyss, T. (1999). An epidemiological study on neurotic disturbances, anxiety and depression disorders in population living near an overhead high-voltage transmission line (400 kV): Psychiatria Polska Vol 33(4) Jul-Aug 1999, 535-551.
Zyss, T., Gorka, Z., Kowalska, M., & Vetulani, J. (1996). The behavioral and biochemical effects of magnetic brain stimulation and electroconvulsive shocks in rats: Psychiatria Polska Vol 30(4) Jul-Aug 1996, 593-610.
Zyss, T., Mamczarz, J., & Vetulani, J. (1999). The influence of rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) parameters on rTMS effects in Porsolt's forced swimming test: International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology Vol 2(1) Mar 1999, 31-34.
Zyss, T., Zieba, A., Ventulani, J., Mamczarz, J., Roman, A., & Mika, J. (2001). The behavioural effects of the transcranial magnetic brain stimulation (TMS) in a rat: A comparison with electroshocks: Archives of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Vol 3(3) Sep 2001, 37-51.

External links[]

Electromagnetism - a chapter from an online textbook
Magnetic Force and Field on Project PHYSNET
On the Magnet, 1600 First scientific book on magnetism by the father of electrical engineering. Full English text, full text search.

This page uses Creative Commons Licensed content from Wikipedia (view authors).

[1] A. Einstein: "On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies", June 30, 1905. http://www.fourmilab.ch/etexts/einstein/specrel/www/.

[2] Griffiths, David J. (1998). Introduction to Electrodynamics, 3rd ed., Prentice Hall. ISBN 0-13-805326-X., chapter 12

[3] Milton mentions some inconclusive events (p.60) and still concludes that "no evidence at all of magnetic monopoles has survived" (p.3). Milton, Kimball A. (June 2006). Theoretical and experimental status of magnetic monopoles. Reports on Progress in Physics 69 (6): 1637-1711..

[4] Guth, Alan (1997). The Inflationary Universe: The Quest for a New Theory of Cosmic Origins, Perseus. ISBN 0-201-32840-2..

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]