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This list of sequenced eukaryotic genomes contains all the eukaryotes known to have publicly available complete nuclear and organelle genome sequences that have been assembled, annotated and published; draft genomes are not included, nor are organelle-only sequences.
DNA was first sequenced in 1977. The first free-living organism to have its genome completely sequenced was the bacterium Haemophilus influenzae, in 1995. In 1996 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (baker's yeast) was the first eukaryote genome sequence to be released and in 1998 the first genome sequence for a multicellular eukaryote, Caenorhabditis elegans, was released.
Protists[]
Following are the six earliest sequenced genomes of protists. For a more complete list, see the List of sequenced protist genomes.
Organism | Type | Relevance | Genome size | Number of genes predicted | Organization | Year of completion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Guillardia theta | Cryptomonad | Model organism | 0.551 Mb (nucleomorph genome only) |
465,[1] 513, 598 (UniProt) | Canadian Institute of Advanced Research, Philipps-University Marburg and the University of British Columbia | 2001[1] |
Plasmodium falciparum Clone:3D7 |
Apicomplexan | Human pathogen (malaria) | 22.9 Mb | 5,268[2] | Malaria Genome Project Consortium | 2002[2] |
Plasmodium yoelii yoelii Strain:17XNL |
Apicomplexan | Rodent pathogen (malaria) | 23.1 Mb | 5,878[3] | TIGR and NMRC | 2002[3] |
Cryptosporidium hominis Strain:TU502 |
Apicomplexan | Human pathogen | 10.4 Mb | 3,994[4] | Virginia Commonwealth University | 2004[4] |
Cryptosporidium parvum C- or genotype 2 isolate |
Apicomplexan | Human pathogen | 16.5 Mb | 3,807[5] | UCSF and University of Minnesota | 2004[5] |
Thalassiosira pseudonana Strain:CCMP 1335 |
Diatom | Model organism | 34.5 Mb | 11,242[6] | Joint Genome Institute and the University of Washington | 2004[6] |
Animals[]
Following are the five earliest sequenced genomes of animals. For a more complete list, see the List of sequenced animal genomes.
Organism | Type | Relevance | Genome size | Number of genes predicted | Organization | Year of completion |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Caenorhabditis elegans Strain:Bristol N2 |
Nematode | Model animal | 100 Mb | 19,000[7] | Washington University and the Sanger Institute | 1998[7] |
Drosophila melanogaster | Fruit fly | Model animal | 165 Mb | 13,600[8] | Celera, UC Berkeley, Baylor College of Medicine, European DGP | 2000[8] |
Homo sapiens | Human | 3.2 Gb[9] | 20,251 (UniProt) | Human Genome Project Consortium and Celera Genomics | Draft 2001[10][11] Complete 2006[12] | |
Anopheles gambiae Strain: PEST |
Mosquito | Vector of malaria | 278 Mb | 13,683[13] | Celera Genomics and Genoscope | 2002[13] |
Takifugu rubripes | Puffer fish | Vertebrate with small genome | 390 Mb | 22–29,000[14] | International Fugu Genome Consortium[15] | 2002[16] |
See also[]
- Genome project, Human genome
- Genomic organization
- History of genetics
- List of sequenced animal genomes
- List of sequenced plastomes
- List of sequenced protist genomes
References[]
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 Douglas S (April 2001). The highly reduced genome of an enslaved algal nucleus. Nature 410 (6832): 1091–6.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Gardner MJ (October 2002). Genome sequence of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. Nature 419 (6906): 498–511.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 Carlton JM (October 2002). Genome sequence and comparative analysis of the model rodent malaria parasite Plasmodium yoelii yoelii. Nature 419 (6906): 512–9.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Xu P (October 2004). The genome of Cryptosporidium hominis. Nature 431 (7012): 1107–12.
- ↑ 5.0 5.1 Abrahamsen MS (April 2004). Complete genome sequence of the apicomplexan, Cryptosporidium parvum. Science 304 (5669): 441–5.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Armbrust EV (October 2004). The genome of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana: ecology, evolution, and metabolism. Science 306 (5693): 79–86.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 C. elegans Sequencing Consortium. (December 1998). Genome sequence of the nematode C. elegans: a platform for investigating biology. Science 282 (5396): 2012–8.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Adams MD (March 2000). The genome sequence of Drosophila melanogaster. Science 287 (5461): 2185–95.
- ↑ Human Genome Sequencing Consortium, International (October 2004). Finishing the euchromatic sequence of the human genome. Nature 431 (7011): 931–45.
- ↑ McPherson JD (February 2001). A physical map of the human genome. Nature 409 (6822): 934–41.
- ↑ Venter JC (February 2001). The sequence of the human genome. Science 291 (5507): 1304–51.
- ↑ Gregory SG (May 2006). The DNA sequence and biological annotation of human chromosome 1. Nature 441 (7091): 315–21.
- ↑ 13.0 13.1 Holt RA (October 2002). The genome sequence of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae. Science 298 (5591): 129–49.H
- ↑ International Fugu Genome Consortium. Forth Genome Assembly
- ↑ International Fugu Genome Consortium
- ↑ Aparicio S (August 2002). Whole-genome shotgun assembly and analysis of the genome of Fugu rubripes. Science 297 (5585): 1301–10.
External links[]
- Diark - a resource for eukaryotic genome research
- EMBL-EBL Eukaryotic Genomes
- UCSC Genome Browser
- International Sequencing Consortium - Large-scale Sequencing Project Database
- Ensembl The Ensembl Genome Browser (includes draft and low coverage genomes)
- GOLD:Genomes OnLine Database v 3.0
- SUPERFAMILY comparative genomics database Includes genomes of all completely sequenced eukaryotes, and sophisticated datamining plus visualisation tools for analysis
- Rat Genome Database