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* [[Osmophobia]] – hypersensitivity to smells causing aversion to odors. |
* [[Osmophobia]] – hypersensitivity to smells causing aversion to odors. |
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− | ==Biology |
+ | ==Biology== |
[[Biology|Biologist]]s use a number of ''-phobia/-phobic'' terms to describe predispositions by plants and animals against certain conditions. For antonyms, see [[-phil-#Biology|here]]. |
[[Biology|Biologist]]s use a number of ''-phobia/-phobic'' terms to describe predispositions by plants and animals against certain conditions. For antonyms, see [[-phil-#Biology|here]]. |
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− | * [[Acidophobe|Acidophobia/Acidophobic]] – preference for non-acidic conditions. |
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* [[Heliophobia|Heliophobia/Heliophobic]] – aversion to [[sun]]light. |
* [[Heliophobia|Heliophobia/Heliophobic]] – aversion to [[sun]]light. |
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− | * [[Hydrophobe|Hydrophobia/Hydrophobic]] – a property of being repelled by water. |
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− | * [[Lipophobicity]] – a property of fat rejection |
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* [[Ombrophobia]] – avoidance of rain |
* [[Ombrophobia]] – avoidance of rain |
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* [[Photophobia (biology)]] a negative [[phototaxis]] or [[phototropism]] response, or a tendency to stay out of the light |
* [[Photophobia (biology)]] a negative [[phototaxis]] or [[phototropism]] response, or a tendency to stay out of the light |
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− | * [[Superhydrophobe]] – the property given to materials that are extremely difficult to get wet. |
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* [[Thermophobia]] – aversion to [[heat]]. |
* [[Thermophobia]] – aversion to [[heat]]. |
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- This article is about the suffix -phobia. For the class of psychological disorders, see Phobia.
The English suffixes -phobia, -phobic, -phobe (of Greek origin: φόβος/φοβία ) occur in technical usage in psychiatry to construct words that describe irrational, disabling fear as a mental disorder, a phobia (e.g., agoraphobia), in biology to describe organisms that dislike certain conditions (e.g., acidophobia), and in medicine to describe hypersensitivity to a stimulus, usually sensory (e.g., photophobia). In common usage they also form words that describe dislike or hatred of a particular thing or subject. The suffix is antonymic to -phil-.
For more information on the psychiatric side, including how psychiatry groups phobias as agoraphobia, social phobia, or simple phobia, see phobia.
The following lists include words ending in -phobia, and include fears that have acquired names.
In some cases a word ending in -phobia may have an antonym with the suffix -phil-, e.g., Germanophobe / Germanophile.
See also the category:Phobias.
Phobia lists
A large number of-phobia lists circulate on the Internet, with words collected from indiscriminate sources, often copying each other. Also, a number of psychiatric websites exist that at the first glance cover a huge number of phobias, but in fact use a standard text to fit any phobia and reuse it for all unusual phobias by merely changing the name.
Psychological conditions
- Acarophobia - fear of mites and by generalization to other small insects.
- Ablutophobia – fear of bathing, washing, or cleaning.
- Acrophobia, Altophobia – fear of heights.
- Agoraphobia, Agoraphobia Without History of Panic Disorder – fear of places or events where escape is impossible or when help is unavailable.
- Agraphobia – fear of sexual abuse.
- Aichmophobia – fear of sharp or pointed objects (as a needle, knife or a pointing finger).
- Ailurophobia- Fear of cats
- Algophobia – fear of pain.
- Agyrophobia – fear of crossing roads.
- Amathophobia - Fear of dust.
- Amaxophobia - fear of vehicles, of riding in them.
- Androphobia – fear of men.
- Anemophobia - fear of wind, drafts, moving air
- Anginophobia - fear of suffocation, of being suffocated, or more specifically an attack of angina.
- Anthropophobia – fear of people or being in a company, a form of social phobia.
- Anthophobia – fear of flowers.
- Aquaphobia – fear of water and by generalization swimming.
- Aphephobia - fear of being touched by another person.
- Astraphobia, Astrapophobia, Brontophobia, Keraunophobia – fear of thunder, lightning and storms; especially common in young children.
- Aviophobia, Aviatophobia – fear of flying.
- Bacillophobia, Bacteriophobia, Microbiophobia – fear of microbes and bacteria.
- Blood-injection-injury type phobia – a DSM-IV subtype of specific phobias
- Catoptrophobia - fear of mirrors or of one's own reflection.
- Chorophobia - fear of dancing.
- Cibophobia, Sitophobia – aversion to food, synonymous to Anorexia nervosa.
- Claustrophobia – fear of confined spaces.
- Coulrophobia – fear of clowns (not restricted to evil clowns).
- Decidophobia – fear of making decisions.
- Dental phobia, Dentophobia, Odontophobia – fear of dentists and dental procedures
- Dysmorphophobia, or body dysmorphic disorder – a phobic obsession with a real or imaginary body defect.
- Emetophobia – fear of vomiting.
- Ergasiophobia, Ergophobia – fear of work or functioning, or a surgeon's fear of operating.
- Ergophobia – fear of work or functioning.
- Erotophobia – fear of sexual love or sexual questions.
- Erythrophobia – pathological blushing.
- Gelotophobia - fear of being laughed at.
- Gephyrophobia – fear of bridges.
- Genophobia, Coitophobia – fear of sexual intercourse.
- Gerascophobia – fear of growing old or ageing.
- Gerontophobia – fear of growing old, or a hatred or fear of the elderly.
- Glossophobia – fear of speaking in public or of trying to speak.
- Gymnophobia – fear of nudity.
- Gynophobia – fear of women.
- Haptephobia – fear of being touched.
- Heliophobia – fear of sunlight.
- Hemophobia, Haemophobia – fear of blood.
- Hexakosioihexekontahexaphobia – fear of the number 666.
- Hoplophobia – fear of weapons, specifically firearms (Generally a political term but the clinical phobia is also documented).
- Ligyrophobia – fear of loud noises.
- Lipophobia – fear/avoidance of fats in food.
- Medication phobia - fear of medications
- Megalophobia - fear of large/oversized objects.
- Mysophobia – fear of germs, contamination or dirt.
- Necrophobia – fear of death, the dead.
- Neophobia, Cainophobia, Cainotophobia, Cenophobia, Centophobia, Kainolophobia, Kainophobia – fear of newness, novelty.
- Nomophobia – fear of being out of mobile phone contact.
- Nosophobia – fear of contracting a disease.
- Nosocomephobia - fear of hospitals.
- Nyctophobia, Achluophobia, Lygophobia, Scotophobia – fear of darkness.
- Osmophobia, Olfactophobia – fear of smells.
- Paraskavedekatriaphobia, Paraskevidekatriaphobia, Friggatriskaidekaphobia – fear of Friday the 13th.
- Panphobia – fear of everything or constantly afraid without knowing what is causing it.
- Phasmophobia - fear of ghosts, spectres or phantasms.
- Phagophobia – fear of swallowing.
- Pharmacophobia – same as medication phobia
- Phobophobia – fear of having a phobia.
- Phonophobia – fear of loud sounds.
- Pyrophobia – fear of fire.
- Radiophobia – fear of radioactivity or X-rays.
- Sociophobia – fear of people or social situations
- Scopophobia – fear of being looked at or stared at.
- Somniphobia – fear of sleep.
- Spectrophobia – fear of mirrors and one's own reflections.
- Taphophobia – fear of the grave, or fear of being placed in a grave while still alive.
- Technophobia – fear of technology (see also Luddite).
- Telephone phobia, fear or reluctance of making or taking phone calls.
- Tetraphobia – fear of the number 4.
- Tokophobia – fear of childbirth.
- Tomophobia – fear or anxiety of surgeries/surgical operations.
- Traumatophobia – a synonym for injury phobia, a fear of having an injury
- Triskaidekaphobia, Terdekaphobia – fear of the number 13.
- Trypanophobia, Belonephobia, Enetophobia – fear of needles or injections.
- Workplace phobia – fear of the work place.
- Xenophobia – fear of strangers, foreigners, or aliens.
Animal phobias
- Ailurophobia – fear/dislike of cats.
- Animal phobia - fear of certain animals, a category of specific phobias.
- Apiphobia – fear/dislike of bees (also known as Melissophobia).
- Arachnophobia – fear/dislike of spiders.
- Chiroptophobia – fear/dislike of bats.
- Cynophobia – fear/dislike of dogs.
- Entomophobia – fear/dislike of insects.
- Equinophobia – fear/dislike of horses (also known as Hippophobia).
- Herpetophobia - fear/dislike of reptiles.
- Ichthyophobia – fear/dislike of fish.
- Musophobia – fear/dislike of mice and/or rats.
- Ophidiophobia – fear/dislike of snakes.
- Ornithophobia – fear/dislike of birds.
- Scoleciphobia – fear of worms.
- Selachophobia - fear/dislike of sharks.
- Zoophobia – a generic term for animal phobias.
Non-psychological conditions
- Hydrophobia – fear of water (a symptom of rabies).
- Photophobia – hypersensitivity to light causing aversion to light
- Phonophobia – hypersensitivity to sound causing aversion to sounds.
- Osmophobia – hypersensitivity to smells causing aversion to odors.
Biology
Biologists use a number of -phobia/-phobic terms to describe predispositions by plants and animals against certain conditions. For antonyms, see here.
- Heliophobia/Heliophobic – aversion to sunlight.
- Ombrophobia – avoidance of rain
- Photophobia (biology) a negative phototaxis or phototropism response, or a tendency to stay out of the light
- Thermophobia – aversion to heat.
Prejudices and discrimination
- See also: List of anti-ethnic terms
The suffix -phobia is used to coin terms that denote a particular anti-ethnic or anti-demographic sentiment, such as Europhobia, Francophobia, Hispanophobia, and Indophobia. Often a synonym with the prefix "anti-" already exists (e.g., Polonophobia vs. anti-Polonism). Anti-religious sentiments are expressed in terms such as Christianophobia and Islamophobia.
Other prejudices include:
- Biphobia – dislike of bisexuals.
- Chemophobia – prejudice against artificial substances in favour of 'natural' substances.
- Ephebiphobia – fear/dislike of youth.
- Gerontophobia, Gerascophobia – fear of growing old or a hatred of the elderly.
- Heterophobia – fear/dislike of heterosexuals.
- Homophobia – aversion to homosexuality or fear of homosexuals.
- Hoplophobia – aversion to firearms or firearms owners. This word has also gained a certain political notoriety as a dysphemism for "gun control advocate".
- Judeophobia – fear/dislike of Jews.
- Lesbophobia – fear/dislike of lesbian women.
- Pedophobia, Pediophobia – fear/dislike of children.
- Psychophobia – fear/dislike of mentally ill.
- Transphobia – fear or dislike of transgender or transsexual people.
- Xenophobia – fear or dislike of foreigners.
Miscellaneous
- Arachnophobia – "fear/dislike of spiders," a film
- Chromophobia – "hatred/fear of colors," a film
- Choreophobia – hatred of dance, a book by Anthony Shay about Iranian dance and its prohibition after the Iranian Revolution
- Entomophobia – a genus of orchids. The word means "fear of insects"
- Philophobia, an album by Arab Strap
- Robophobia – a novel by Richard Evans
see also
References
- Chris Aldrich (2002-12-02). The Aldrich Dictionary of Phobias and Other Word Families, Trafford Publishing.
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