Functions of hormones and their regulation

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Important human hormones

Spelling is not uniform for many hormones. Current North American and international usage is estrogen, gonadotropin, while British usage retains the Greek diphthong in oestrogen and the unvoiced aspirant h in gonadotrophin.

Amine hormones

Amine-derived hormones:

• catecholamines
  • adrenaline (or epinephrine)
  • dopamine
  • noradrenaline (or norepinephrine)

• tryptophan derivatives
  • melatonin (N-acetyl-5-methoxytryptamine)
  • serotonin (5-HT)

• tyrosine derivatives
  • thyroxine (T4)
  • triiodothyronine (T3)

Peptide hormones

Peptide hormones:

• antimullerian hormone (AMH, also mullerian inhibiting factor or hormone)
• adiponectin (also Acrp30)
• adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH, also corticotropin)
• angiotensinogen and angiotensin
• antidiuretic hormone (ADH, also vasopressin, arginine vasopressin, AVP)
• atrial-natriuretic peptide (ANP, also atriopeptin)
• calcitonin
• cholecystokinin (CCK)
• corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
• erythropoietin (EPO)
• follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
• gastrin
• glucagon
• gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)
• growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
• human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
• growth hormone (GH or hGH)
• insulin
• insulin-like growth factor (IGF, also somatomedin)
• leptin
• luteinizing hormone (LH)
• melanocyte stimulating hormone (MSH or α-MSH)
• neuropeptide Y
• oxytocin
• parathyroid hormone (PTH)
• prolactin (PRL)
• relaxin
• renin
• secretin
• somatostatin
• thrombopoietin
• thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
• thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH)

Steroid and sterol hormones

Steroid hormones:

• Glucocorticoids
  • cortisol
• Mineralocorticoids
  • aldosterone
• Sex steroids
  • Androgens
    • testosterone
    • dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA)
    • dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS)
    • androstenedione
    • dihydrotestosterone (DHT)
  • Estrogens
    • estradiol
  • Progestagens
    • progesterone
    • Progestins

Sterol hormones:

• Vitamin D derivatives
  • calcitriol

Lipid hormones

Lipid and phospholipid hormones (eicosanoids):

• prostaglandins
• leukotrienes
• prostacyclin
• thromboxane