Cognitive functions

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The cognitive functions, sometimes known as mental functions, are thinking, feeling, sensing and intuition. They were initially conceived of by Carl Jung in his pioneering work "Psychological Types" (1921, ISBN 0691097704). Each one of these mental functions can be either introverted or extraverted (known as attitudes).

Isabel Myers interpreted Jung's writing as saying that the auxiliary, tertiary, and inferior functions are always in the opposite attitude of the dominant. Many, however, have found Jung's writing to be ambiguous, and those who study and follow Jung's theories (Jungians) are typically adamant that Myers is incorrect. Jungians posit that Jung made explicit the point that the tertiary function is actually in the same attitude as the dominant, providing balance. More recently, typologists such as John Beebe and Linda Berens have introduced theoretical systems that include all eight functions, with the latter four known as the "shadow functions," residing largely in the unconscious.

The Center for Applications of Psychological Type, co-founded by Myers, has internal controversy regarding the attitude of the tertiary. "The MBTI Qualifying Program," a binder given out during official training, has the tertiary in the opposite attitude of the dominant on page 13, however, "The Manual," which gives official instructions on how to use the test, has the tertiary in the same attitude on page 31. Dr. Charles Martin [1], ex vice president of research at CAPT, writes the following on page 22 of the binder, "In what attitude is the tertiary? Isabel Myers read Jung to say that the auxiliary, tertiary, and inferior are all in the same attitude and opposite the dominant. Others (Harold Grant) read: tertiary is in the same attitude as the dominant."

The cognitive functions according to Carl Jung

Carl Jung developed the theory of the cognitive processes in his work "Psychological Types". He used the terms dominant, auxiliary, and inferior.

	Extraverted Rational		Extraverted Irrational
Dominant	Extraverted Thinking	Extraverted Feeling	Extraverted Sensation	Extraverted Intuition
Auxiliary	?	?	?	?
Inferior	?	?	?	?
	Introverted Rational		Introverted Irrational
Dominant	Introverted Thinking	Introverted Feeling	Introverted Sensation	Introverted Intuition
Auxiliary	?	?	?	?
Inferior	?	?	?	?

The cognitive functions according to Isabel Myers:

Isabel Myers created the original type table. To find the opposite type of the one you are looking at, jump over one diagonally.

Type	ISITEJ	ISIFEJ	INIFEJ	INITEJ
Dominant or first	Introverted_Sensing	Introverted_Sensing	Introverted_Intuition	Introverted_Intuition
Auxiliary or second	Extraverted_Thinking	Extraverted Feeling	Extraverted Feeling	Extraverted_Thinking
Tertiary or third	Introverted Feeling	Introverted_Thinking	Introverted_Thinking	Introverted Feeling
Inferior or fourth	Extraverted Intuition	Extraverted Intuition	Extraverted Sensing	Extraverted Sensing
Type	ISETIP	ISEFIP	INEFIP	INETIP
Dominant or first	Introverted Thinking	Introverted Feeling	Introverted Feeling	Introverted Thinking
Auxiliary or second	Extraverted Sensing	Extraverted Sensing	Extraverted Intuition	Extraverted Intuition
Tertiary or third	Introverted Intuition	Introverted Intuition	Introverted Sensing	Introverted Sensing
Inferior or fourth	Extraverted Feeling	Extraverted Thinking	Extraverted Thinking	Extraverted Feeling
Type	ESETIP	ESEFIP	ENEFIP	ENETIP
Dominant or first	Extraverted Sensing	Extraverted Sensing	Extraverted Intuition	Extraverted Intuition
Auxiliary or second	Introverted Thinking	Introverted Feeling	Introverted Feeling	Introverted Thinking
Tertiary or third	Extraverted Feeling	Extraverted Thinking	Extraverted Thinking	Extraverted Feeling
Inferior or fourth	Introverted Intuition	Introverted Intuition	Introverted Sensing	Introverted Sensing
Type	ESITEJ	ESIFEJ	ENIFEJ	ENITEJ
Dominant or first	Extraverted Thinking	Extraverted Feeling	Extraverted Feeling	Extraverted Thinking
Auxiliary or second	Introverted Sensing	Introverted Sensing	Introverted Intuition	Introverted Intuition
Tertiary or third	Extraverted Intuition	Extraverted Intuition	Extraverted Sensing	Extraverted Sensing
Inferior or fourth	Introverted Feeling	Introverted Thinking	Introverted Thinking	Introverted Feeling

The cognitive functions according to John Beebe:

Though John Beebe has not published a type table, the format that Isabel Myers used works well for his theory. Just as in Myers's table, jump over one diagonally to find the type whose first four functions are opposite. This does not work with the last four, however.

Type	ISITEJ	ISIFEJ	INIFEJ	INITEJ
1st - Hero/Heroine	Introverted_Sensing	Introverted_Sensing	Introverted_Intuition	Introverted_Intuition
2nd - Good Parent	Extraverted_Thinking	Extraverted Feeling	Extraverted Feeling	Extraverted_Thinking
3rd - Puer/Puella	Introverted Feeling	Introverted_Thinking	Introverted Thinking	Introverted Feeling
4th - Anima/Animus	Extraverted Intuition	Extraverted Intuition	Extraverted Sensing	Extraverted Sensing
5th - Opposing Personality	Extraverted Sensing	Extraverted Sensing	Extraverted Intuition	Extraverted Intuition
6th - Senex/Witch	Introverted Thinking	Introverted Feeling	Introverted Feeling	Introverted Thinking
7th - Trickster	Extraverted Feeling	Extraverted Thinking	Extraverted Thinking	Extraverted Feeling
8th - Daemon	Introverted Intuition	Introverted Intuition	Introverted Sensing	Introverted Sensing
Type	ISETIP	ISEFIP	INEFIP	INETIP
1st - Hero/Heroine	Introverted Thinking	Introverted Feeling	Introverted Feeling	Introverted Thinking
2nd - Good Parent	Extraverted Sensing	Extraverted Sensing	Extraverted Intuition	Extraverted Intuition
3rd - Puer/Puella	Introverted Intuition	Introverted Intuition	Introverted Sensing	Introverted Sensing
4th - Anima/Animus	Extraverted Feeling	Extraverted Thinking	Extraverted Thinking	Extraverted Feeling
5th - Opposing Personality	Extraverted_Thinking	Extraverted Feeling	Extraverted Feeling	Extraverted Thinking
6th - Senex/Witch	Introverted Sensing	Introverted Sensing	Introverted Intuition	Introverted Intuition
7th - Trickster	Extraverted Intuition	Extraverted Intuition	Extraverted Sensing	Extraverted Sensing
8th - Daemon	Introverted Feeling	Introverted Thinking	Introverted Thinking	Introverted Feeling
Type	ESETIP	ESEFIP	ENEFIP	ENETIP
1st - Hero/Heroine	Extraverted Sensing	Extraverted Sensing	Extraverted Intuition	Extraverted Intuition
2nd - Good Parent	Introverted Thinking	Introverted Feeling	Introverted Feeling	Introverted Thinking
3rd - Puer/Puella	Extraverted Feeling	Extraverted Thinking	Extraverted Thinking	Extraverted Feeling
4th - Anima/Animus	Introverted Intuition	Introverted Intuition	Introverted Sensing	Introverted Sensing
5th - Opposing Personality	Introverted Sensing	Introverted Sensing	Introverted Intuition	Introverted Intuition
6th - Senex/Witch	Extraverted Thinking	Extravertd Feeling	Extraverted Feeling	Extraverted Thinking
7th - Trickster	Introverted Feeling	Introverted Thinking	Introverted Thinking	Introverted Feeling
8th - Daemon	Extraverted Intuition	Extraverted Intuition	Extraverted Sensing	Extraverted Sensing
Type	ESITEJ	ESIFEJ	ENIFEJ	ENITEJ
1st - Hero/Heroine	Extraverted Thinking	Extraverted Feeling	Extraverted Feeling	Extraverted Thinking
2nd - Good Parent	Introverted Sensing	Introverted Sensing	Introverted Intuition	Introverted Intuition
3rd - Puer/Puella	Extraverted Intuition	Extraverted Intuition	Extraverted Sensing	Extraverted Sensing
4th - Anima/Animus	Introverted Feeling	Introverted Thinking	Introverted Thinking	Introverted Feeling
5th - Opposing Personality	Introverted Thinking	Introverted Feeling	Introverted Feeling	Introverted Thinking
6th - Senex/Witch	Extraverted Sensing	Extraverted Sensing	Extraverted Intuition	Extraverted Intuition
7th - Trickster	Introverted Intuition	Introverted Intuition	INtroverted Sensing	Introverted Sensing
8th - Daemon	Extraverted Feelings	Extraverted Thinking	Extraverted Thinking	Extraverted Feeling

The cognitive functions according to Linda V. Berens:

The layout of Berens' type table is unique, however, the ordering of her cognitive processes is the same as John Beebe's. They also use different terminology.

		Guide		Mediator		Monitor		Conservator
		Envisioner Mentor ENFJ	Foreseer Devevloper INFJ	Discoverer Advocate ENFP	Harmonizer Clarifier INFP	Implementor Supervisor ESTJ	Planner Inspector ISTJ	Facilitator Caretaker ESFJ	Protector Supporter ISFJ
Leading Dominant	1st	Fe	Ni	Ne	Fi	Te	Si	Fe	Si
Supporting Overprotective	2nd	Ni	Fe	Fi	Ne	Si	Te	Si	Fe
Relief Unsettling	3rd	Se	Ti	Te	Si	Ne	Fi	Ne	Ti
Aspirational Projective	4th	Ti	Se	Si	Te	Fi	Ne	Ti	Ne
Opposing Backup	5th	Fi	Ne	Ni	Fe	Ti	Se	Fi	Se
Critical Discovery	6th	Ne	Fi	Fe	Ni	Se	Ti	Se	Fi
Deceiving Comedic	7th	Si	Te	Ti	Se	Ni	Fe	Ni	Te
Devilish Transformative	8th	Te	Si	Se	Ti	Fe	Ni	Te	Ni
		Coordinator		Engineer		Expeditor		Improvisor
		Strategist Mobilizer ENTJ	Conceptualizer Director INTJ	Explorer Inventor ENTP	Designer Theorizer INTP	Promoter Executor ESTP	Analyzer Operator ISTP	Motivator Presenter ESTP	Composer Producer ISFP
Leading Dominant	1st	Te	Ni	Ne	Ti	Se	Ti	Se	Fi
Supporting Overprotective	2nd	Ni	Te	Ti	Ne	Ti	Se	Fi	Se
Relief Unsettling	3rd	Se	Fi	Fe	Si	Fe	Ni	Te	Ni
Aspirational Projective	4th	Fi	Se	Se	Fe	Ni	Fe	Ni	Te
Opposing Backup	5th	Ti	Ne	Ni	Te	Si	Te	Se	Fe
Critical Discovery	6th	Ne	Ti	Te	Ni	Te	Si	Fe	Si
Deceiving Comedic	7th	Si	Fe	Fi	Se	Fi	Ne	Ti	Ne
Devilish Transformative	8th	Fe	Si	Se	Fi	Ne	Fi	Ne	Ti