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style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2" Coenzyme A
File:Coenzym A.svg
File:Coenzyme-A-3D-balls.png
Identifiers
CAS number 85-61-0
PubChem 317
MeSH Coenzyme+A
SMILES CC(C)(COP(=O)(O)OP(=O)(O)OCC1C (C(C(O1)N2C=NC3=C2N=CN=C3N)O) OP(=O)(O)O)C(C(=O)NCCC(=O)NCCS)O
Properties
Molecular formula C21H36N7O16P3S
Molar mass 767.535
Hazards
style="background: #F8EABA; text-align: center;" colspan="2" Except where noted otherwise, data are given for
materials in their standard state
(at 25 °C, 100 kPa)

Infobox disclaimer and references

Coenzyme A (CoA, CoASH, or HSCoA) is a coenzyme, notable for its role in the synthesis and oxidation of fatty acids, and the oxidation of pyruvate in the citric acid cycle. It is adapted from cysteamine, pantothenate, and adenosine triphosphate.

Biosynthesis[]

Coenzyme A is synthesized in a five-step process from pantothenate:

  1. Pantothenate is phosphorylated to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme pantothenate kinase
  2. A cysteine is added to 4'-phosphopantothenate by the enzyme phosphopantothenoylcysteine synthetase to form 4'-phospho-N-pantothenoylcysteine (PPC)
  3. PPC is decarboxylated to 4'-phosphopantetheine by phosphopantothenoylcysteine decarboxylase
  4. 4'-phosphopantetheine is adenylylated to form dephospho-CoA by the enzyme phosphopantetheine adenylyl transerase
  5. Finally, dephospho-CoA is phosphorylated using ATP to coenzyme A by the enzyme dephosphocoenzyme A kinase.

Function[]

Since coenzyme A is chemically a thiol, it can react with carboxylic acids to form thioesters, thus functioning as an acyl group carrier. It assists in transferring fatty acids from the cytoplasm to mitochondria. A molecule of coenzyme A carrying an acetyl group is also referred to as acetyl-CoA. When it is not attached to an acyl group it is usually referred to as 'CoASH' or 'HSCoA'.

List of coenzyme A activated acyl groups[]

  • Acetyl-CoA
  • Propionyl-CoA
  • Acetoacetyl-CoA
  • Coumaroyl-CoA (used in flavonoid and stilbenoid biosynthesis)
  • Acyl derived from dicarboxylic acids
    • Malonyl-CoA
    • Succinyl-CoA
    • Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA (used in isoprenoid biosynthesis)
    • Pimelyl-CoA (used in biotin biosynthesis)
  • Butyryl CoA

Additional images[]

References[]

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Template:Enzyme cofactors

External links[]

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