Editing Cerebral ventricles 0 You are not logged in. The rich text editor does not work with JavaScript switched off. 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data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22double-brackets%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%7B%7BInfobox%20Brain%7C%5Cn%20%20Name%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3D%20Cerebral%20ventricles%20%7C%5Cn%20%20Latin%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3D%20%7C%5Cn%20%20GraySubject%20%20%20%20%20%3D%20%7C%5Cn%20%20GrayPage%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3D%20%7C%5Cn%20%20Image%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3D%20Gray734.png%20%7C%5Cn%20%20Caption%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3D%20Scheme%20showing%20relations%20of%20the%20ventricles%20to%20the%20surface%20of%20the%20brain.%20%7C%5Cn%20%20Image2%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3D%20Gray735.png%20%7C%5Cn%20%20Caption2%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3D%20Drawing%20of%20a%20cast%20of%20the%20ventricular%20cavities%2C%20viewed%20from%20above.%20%7C%5Cn%20%20IsPartOf%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3D%20%7C%5Cn%20%20Components%20%20%20%20%20%20%3D%20%7C%5Cn%20%20Artery%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3D%20%7C%5Cn%20%20Vein%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3D%20%7C%5Cn%20%20BrainInfoType%20%20%20%3D%20ancil%20%7C%5Cn%20%20BrainInfoNumber%20%3D%20192%20%7C%5Cn%20%20MeshName%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%20%3D%20Cerebral%2BVentricles%20%7C%5Cn%20%20MeshNumber%20%20%20%20%20%20%3D%20A08.186.211.276%20%7C%5Cn%7D%7D%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%221%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22Infobox%20Brain%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%7D" contenteditable="false">​​</div> <p data-rte-fromparser="true">The collection of <b>cerebral ventricles</b> make up the <b>ventricular system</b> is a set of structures in the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22brain%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22brain%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bbrain%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Brain" title="Brain">brain</a> continuous with the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22central%20canal%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22central%20canal%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bcentral%20canal%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Central_canal" title="Central canal">central canal</a> of the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22spinal%20cord%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22spinal%20cord%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bspinal%20cord%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Spinal_cord" title="Spinal cord" class="mw-redirect">spinal cord</a>. </p> <h2 data-rte-empty-lines-before="1">Components</h2> <p data-rte-fromparser="true">The system comprises four ventricles: </p> <ul><li data-rte-spaces-before="1">right and left <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22lateral%20ventricles%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22lateral%20ventricles%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Blateral%20ventricles%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Lateral_ventricles" title="Lateral ventricles">lateral ventricles</a> </li><li data-rte-spaces-before="1"><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22third%20ventricle%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22third%20ventricle%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bthird%20ventricle%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Third_ventricle" title="Third ventricle">third ventricle</a> </li><li data-rte-spaces-before="1"><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22fourth%20ventricle%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22fourth%20ventricle%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bfourth%20ventricle%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Fourth_ventricle" title="Fourth ventricle">fourth ventricle</a> </li></ul> <p data-rte-fromparser="true" data-rte-empty-lines-before="1">There are several interconnecting channels leading from these ventricles, though only the first two of the list below are generally considered part of the ventricular system: </p> <table class="wikitable" data-rte-attribs=" class=wikitable"> <tr> <td data-rte-spaces-before="1"><b>Name</b> </td><td data-rte-short-row-markup="true" data-rte-spaces-after-last-cell="1" data-rte-spaces-before="1"><b>From</b> </td><td data-rte-short-row-markup="true" data-rte-spaces-after-last-cell="1" data-rte-spaces-before="1"><b>To</b> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-rte-spaces-before="1">right and left <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22interventricular%20foramina%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22interventricular%20foramina%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Binterventricular%20foramina%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Interventricular_foramina" title="Interventricular foramina">interventricular foramina</a> (Monro) </td><td data-rte-short-row-markup="true" data-rte-spaces-after-last-cell="1" data-rte-spaces-before="1">lateral ventricles </td><td data-rte-short-row-markup="true" data-rte-spaces-after-last-cell="2" data-rte-spaces-before="1">third ventricle </td></tr> <tr> <td data-rte-spaces-before="1"><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22cerebral%20aqueduct%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22cerebral%20aqueduct%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bcerebral%20aqueduct%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Cerebral_aqueduct" title="Cerebral aqueduct">cerebral aqueduct</a> (Sylvius) </td><td data-rte-short-row-markup="true" data-rte-spaces-after-last-cell="1" data-rte-spaces-before="1">third ventricle </td><td data-rte-short-row-markup="true" data-rte-spaces-after-last-cell="1" data-rte-spaces-before="1">fourth ventricle </td></tr> <tr> <td data-rte-spaces-before="1"><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22Median%20aperture%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Median%20aperture%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BMedian%20aperture%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Median_aperture" title="Median aperture">Median aperture</a> (Magendie) </td><td data-rte-short-row-markup="true" data-rte-spaces-after-last-cell="1" data-rte-spaces-before="1">fourth ventricle </td><td data-rte-short-row-markup="true" data-rte-spaces-after-last-cell="1" data-rte-spaces-before="1"><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22subarachnoid%20space%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22subarachnoid%20space%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bsubarachnoid%20space%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Subarachnoid_space" title="Subarachnoid space">subarachnoid space</a>/<a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22pontine%20cistern%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22pontine%20cistern%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bpontine%20cistern%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Pontine_cistern" title="Pontine cistern">pontine cistern</a> </td></tr> <tr> <td data-rte-spaces-before="1"><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22Lateral%20apertures%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Lateral%20apertures%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BLateral%20apertures%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Lateral_apertures" title="Lateral apertures">Lateral apertures</a> (Luschka) </td><td data-rte-short-row-markup="true" data-rte-spaces-after-last-cell="1" data-rte-spaces-before="1">fourth ventricle </td><td data-rte-short-row-markup="true" data-rte-spaces-after-last-cell="1" data-rte-spaces-before="1">subarachnoid space/<a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22cisterna%20magna%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22cisterna%20magna%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bcisterna%20magna%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Cisterna_magna" title="Cisterna magna">cisterna magna</a> </td></tr></table> <p data-rte-fromparser="true" data-rte-empty-lines-before="1">Each ventricle contains a <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22choroid%20plexus%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22choroid%20plexus%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bchoroid%20plexus%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Choroid_plexus" title="Choroid plexus">choroid plexus</a> that produces <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22cerebrospinal%20fluid%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22cerebrospinal%20fluid%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bcerebrospinal%20fluid%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Cerebrospinal_fluid" title="Cerebrospinal fluid">cerebrospinal fluid</a> (CSF) used to bathe and cushion the brain and spinal cord within their bony confines. </p> <h2 data-rte-empty-lines-before="1">Ventricles</h2> <p data-rte-fromparser="true" data-rte-empty-lines-before="1">There are four cerebral ventricles: the paired lateral ventricles, and midline the third and fourth ventricles. The two lateral ventricles, located within the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22cerebrum%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22cerebrum%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bcerebrum%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Cerebrum" title="Cerebrum" class="mw-redirect">cerebrum</a>, are relatively large and C-shaped, roughly wrapping around the dorsal aspects of the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22basal%20ganglia%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22basal%20ganglia%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bbasal%20ganglia%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Basal_ganglia" title="Basal ganglia">basal ganglia</a>. It is in the lateral ventricles of the embryo that the successive generation of <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22neurons%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22neurons%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bneurons%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Neurons" title="Neurons">neurons</a> gives rise to the 6-layered structure of the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22neocortex%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22neocortex%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bneocortex%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Neocortex" title="Neocortex">neocortex</a>, constructed from the inside out during development. Each lateral ventricle extends into the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22frontal%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22frontal%20lobes%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bfrontal%20lobes%7Cfrontal%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Frontal_lobes" title="Frontal lobes" class="mw-redirect">frontal</a>, <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22temporal%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22temporal%20lobes%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Btemporal%20lobes%7Ctemporal%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Temporal_lobes" title="Temporal lobes" class="mw-redirect">temporal</a> and <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22occipital%20lobes%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22occipital%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Boccipital%7Coccipital%20lobes%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Occipital" title="Occipital">occipital lobes</a> via the frontal (anterior), temporal (inferior), and occipital (posterior) horns, respectively. </p><p data-rte-fromparser="true" data-rte-empty-lines-before="1">The lateral ventricles both communicate via the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22interventricular%20foramina%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22interventricular%20foramina%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Binterventricular%20foramina%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Interventricular_foramina" title="Interventricular foramina">interventricular foramina</a> with the third ventricle, found centrally within the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22diencephalon%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22diencephalon%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bdiencephalon%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Diencephalon" title="Diencephalon">diencephalon</a>. The third ventricle communicates via the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22cerebral%20aqueduct%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Mesencephalic%20duct%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BMesencephalic%20duct%7Ccerebral%20aqueduct%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Mesencephalic_duct" title="Mesencephalic duct" class="mw-redirect">cerebral aqueduct</a>, located within the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22midbrain%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22midbrain%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bmidbrain%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Midbrain" title="Midbrain" class="mw-redirect">midbrain</a>, with the fourth ventricle, found within the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22hindbrain%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22hindbrain%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bhindbrain%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Hindbrain" title="Hindbrain">hindbrain</a>. The three foramina to the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22subarachnoid%20space%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22subarachnoid%20space%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bsubarachnoid%20space%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Subarachnoid_space" title="Subarachnoid space">subarachnoid space</a> are found here, permitting cerebrospinal fluid produced in the ventricles to surround the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22brainstem%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22brainstem%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bbrainstem%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Brainstem" title="Brainstem" class="mw-redirect">brainstem</a>, <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22cerebellum%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22cerebellum%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bcerebellum%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Cerebellum" title="Cerebellum">cerebellum</a>, and <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22cerebral%20cortex%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22cerebral%20cortex%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bcerebral%20cortex%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Cerebral_cortex" title="Cerebral cortex">cerebral cortex</a>. The fourth ventricle is also continuous with the central canal, allowing CSF to bathe the inside surface of the spinal cord as well. </p> <h2 data-rte-empty-lines-before="1">Flow of cerebrospinal fluid</h2> <p data-rte-fromparser="true">Cerebrospinal fluid is produced by modified <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22ependymal%20cell%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22ependymal%20cell%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bependymal%20cell%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Ependymal_cell" title="Ependymal cell" class="mw-redirect">ependymal cells</a> of the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22choroid%20plexus%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22choroid%20plexus%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bchoroid%20plexus%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Choroid_plexus" title="Choroid plexus">choroid plexus</a> found in all components of the ventricular system except for the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22cerebral%20aqueduct%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22cerebral%20aqueduct%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bcerebral%20aqueduct%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Cerebral_aqueduct" title="Cerebral aqueduct">cerebral aqueduct</a> and the occipital and frontal horns of the lateral ventricles. CSF flows from the lateral ventricles via the foramina of Monro into the third ventricle, and then the fourth ventricle via the cerebral aqueduct in the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22brainstem%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22brainstem%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bbrainstem%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Brainstem" title="Brainstem" class="mw-redirect">brainstem</a>. From there it can pass into the central canal of the spinal cord or into the cisterns of the subarachnoid space via three small foramina: the central <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22foramen%20of%20Magendie%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22foramen%20of%20Magendie%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bforamen%20of%20Magendie%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Foramen_of_Magendie" title="Foramen of Magendie" class="mw-redirect">foramen of Magendie</a> and the two lateral <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22foramina%20of%20Luschka%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22foramina%20of%20Luschka%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bforamina%20of%20Luschka%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Foramina_of_Luschka" title="Foramina of Luschka" class="mw-redirect">foramina of Luschka</a>. </p><p data-rte-fromparser="true" data-rte-empty-lines-before="1">The fluid then flows around the superior sagittal sinus to be reabsorbed via the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22arachnoid%20villi%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22arachnoid%20villi%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Barachnoid%20villi%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Arachnoid_villi" title="Arachnoid villi" class="mw-redirect">arachnoid villi</a> into the venous system. CSF within the spinal cord can flow all the way down to the lumbar cistern at the end of the cord around the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22cauda%20equina%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22cauda%20equina%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bcauda%20equina%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Cauda_equina" title="Cauda equina">cauda equina</a> where <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22lumbar%20puncture%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22lumbar%20puncture%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Blumbar%20puncture%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Lumbar_puncture" title="Lumbar puncture">lumbar punctures</a> are performed. </p><p data-rte-fromparser="true" data-rte-empty-lines-before="1">The aqueduct between the third and fourth ventricles is very small, as are the foramina, which means that they can be easily blocked, causing high pressure in the lateral ventricles. This is a common cause of <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22hydrocephalus%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22hydrocephalus%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bhydrocephalus%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Hydrocephalus" title="Hydrocephalus">hydrocephalus</a>--otherwise known as <i>water in the brain</i>--and is an extremely serious condition due to both the damage caused by the pressure as well as nature of whatever caused the block (possibly a <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22tumour%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22tumour%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Btumour%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Tumour" title="Tumour">tumour</a> or <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22inflammatory%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22inflammation%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Binflammation%7Cinflammatory%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Inflammation" title="Inflammation">inflammatory</a> swelling). </p> <h2 data-rte-empty-lines-before="1">Protection of the brain</h2> <p data-rte-fromparser="true">The brain and spinal cord are covered by a series of tough membranes called <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22meninges%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22meninges%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bmeninges%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Meninges" title="Meninges">meninges</a>, which protect these organs from rubbing against the bones of the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22skull%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22skull%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bskull%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Skull" title="Skull">skull</a> and <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22spine%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Vertebral%20column%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BVertebral%20column%7Cspine%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Vertebral_column" title="Vertebral column" class="mw-redirect">spine</a>. The cerebrospinal fluid within the skull and spine is found between the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22pia%20mater%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22pia%20mater%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bpia%20mater%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Pia_mater" title="Pia mater">pia mater</a> and the arachnoid meninges and provides further cushioning. </p> <h2 data-rte-empty-lines-before="1">Role in disease</h2> <p data-rte-fromparser="true">Diseases of the ventricular system include abnormal enlargement (hydrocephalus) and inflammation of the CSF spaces (<a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22meningitis%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22meningitis%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bmeningitis%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Meningitis" title="Meningitis">meningitis</a>, ventriculitis) caused by <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22infection%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22infection%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Binfection%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Infection" title="Infection">infection</a> or introduction of <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22blood%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22blood%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bblood%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Blood" title="Blood">blood</a> following trauma or <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22hemorrhage%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22hemorrhage%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bhemorrhage%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Hemorrhage" title="Hemorrhage">hemorrhage</a>. <!-- RTE::{"spaces":1,"type":"LINE_BREAK"} --><span class="placeholder placeholder-double-brackets" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22double-brackets%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%7B%7Bmain%7Cmeningitis%7Chydrocephalus%7Ccerebral%20hemorrhage%7Csubarachnoid%20hemorrhage%7D%7D%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%221%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22main%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%7D" contenteditable="false">​:<i>Main article: <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22wikitextIdx%22%3Anull%2C%22text%22%3A%22meningitis%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22meningitis%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Meningitis" title="Meningitis">meningitis</a></i>​</span> </p><p data-rte-fromparser="true">Interestingly, <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22scientific%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22scientific%20method%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bscientific%20method%7Cscientific%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Scientific_method" title="Scientific method" class="mw-redirect">scientific</a> study of <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22CAT%20scan%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Computed%20tomography%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BComputed%20tomography%7CCAT%20scan%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Computed_tomography" title="Computed tomography">CAT scans</a> of the ventricles in the late 1970s revolutionized the study of <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22mental%20illness%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22mental%20illness%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bmental%20illness%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Mental_illness" title="Mental illness" class="mw-redirect">mental illness</a>. Researchers found that patients with <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22schizophrenia%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22schizophrenia%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bschizophrenia%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Schizophrenia" title="Schizophrenia">schizophrenia</a> had enlarged ventricles compared to healthy subjects. This became the first "evidence" that mental illness was <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22biological%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Biology%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BBiology%7Cbiological%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Biology" title="Biology">biological</a> in origin and led to a reinvigoration of the study of such conditions via modern scientific techniques. Whether the enlargement of the ventricles is a cause or a result of schizophrenia has not yet been ascertained, however. </p> <h2 data-rte-empty-lines-before="1">Embryology</h2> <p data-rte-fromparser="true">The structures of the ventricular system are <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22embryologically%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22embryogenesis%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bembryogenesis%7Cembryologically%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Embryogenesis" title="Embryogenesis">embryologically</a> derived from the centre of the <a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22neural%20tube%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22neural%20tube%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5Bneural%20tube%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Neural_tube" title="Neural tube" class="mw-redirect">neural tube</a> (the neural canal). </p> <h2 data-rte-empty-lines-before="1">Additional images</h2> <p data-rte-fromparser="true"><img data-rte-meta="%7B%22externalImages%22%3A%5B%5D%2C%22hash%22%3A%224a8d5d97e39153a2e3238d4e34a9b971%22%2C%22id%22%3A0%2C%22images%22%3A%5B%7B%22name%22%3A%22%20Image%3AGray716.png%22%2C%22caption%22%3A%22Coronal%20dissection%20showing%20the%20ventricles%20of%20the%20brain.%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22%22%2C%22linktext%22%3A%22%22%2C%22shorttext%22%3A%22%22%2C%22data-caption%22%3A%22Coronal%20dissection%20showing%20the%20ventricles%20of%20the%20brain.%22%7D%5D%2C%22imagesShown%22%3A%5B%7B%22name%22%3A%22%20Image%3AGray716.png%22%2C%22caption%22%3A%22Coronal%20dissection%20showing%20the%20ventricles%20of%20the%20brain.%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22%22%2C%22linktext%22%3A%22%22%2C%22shorttext%22%3A%22%22%2C%22data-caption%22%3A%22Coronal%20dissection%20showing%20the%20ventricles%20of%20the%20brain.%22%7D%5D%2C%22params%22%3A%7B%7D%2C%22type%22%3A1%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3Cgallery%3E%5Cn%20Image%3AGray716.png%7CCoronal%20dissection%20showing%20the%20ventricles%20of%20the%20brain.%5Cn%3C%5C%2Fgallery%3E%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIABAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAEALAAAAAABAAEAQAICTAEAOw%3D%3D" class="media-placeholder image-gallery alignLeft" type="image-gallery" height="185" width="185" /> </p> <h2 data-rte-empty-lines-before="1">External links</h2> <ul><li data-rte-spaces-before="1"><span class="placeholder placeholder-double-brackets" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22double-brackets%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%7B%7BBrainMaps%7CLateral%2520Ventricle%7D%7D%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%22%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22BrainMaps%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%7D" contenteditable="false">​<a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22wikitextIdx%22%3Anull%2C%22text%22%3A%22BrainMaps%20at%20UCDavis%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22BrainMaps%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/BrainMaps" title="BrainMaps">BrainMaps at UCDavis</a> <i><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22external%22%2C%22wikitextIdx%22%3Anull%2C%22text%22%3A%22Lateral%2520Ventricle%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22http%3A%5C%2F%5C%2Fbrainmaps.org%5C%2Findex.php%3Fi%3DLateral%2520Ventricle%22%2C%22linktype%22%3A%22text%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Afalse%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://brainmaps.org/index.php?i=Lateral%20Ventricle">Lateral%20Ventricle</a></i>​</span> </li></ul> <h2 data-rte-empty-lines-before="1">See also</h2> <ul><li><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22Cerebral%20acqueduct%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Cerebral%20acqueduct%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BCerebral%20acqueduct%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" class="new" title="Cerebral acqueduct (page does not exist)" rel="nofollow" data-uncrawlable-url="L3dpa2kvQ2VyZWJyYWxfYWNxdWVkdWN0P2FjdGlvbj1lZGl0JnJlZGxpbms9MQ==">Cerebral acqueduct</a> </li><li><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22Choroid%20plexus%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Choroid%20plexus%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BChoroid%20plexus%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Choroid_plexus" title="Choroid plexus">Choroid plexus</a> </li><li><a data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22internal%22%2C%22text%22%3A%22Ependyma%22%2C%22link%22%3A%22Ependyma%22%2C%22wasblank%22%3Atrue%2C%22noforce%22%3Atrue%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%5B%5BEpendyma%5D%5D%22%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" href="/wiki/Ependyma" title="Ependyma">Ependyma</a> </li></ul> <h2 data-rte-empty-lines-before="1">References</h2> <ul><li data-rte-spaces-before="1">Purves D, Augustine GJ, Fitzpatrick D, Hall WC, Lamantia AS, McNamara JO, Williams SM, <i>Neuroscience</i> (third edition). Sinauer Associates Inc, July 2004. <a href="/wiki/Special:BookSources/0878937250" class="internal mw-magiclink-isbn">ISBN 0-87893-725-0</a> </li><li data-rte-spaces-before="1">Edgley S et al, <b>Neuroanatomy</b> from the Department of Anatomy, University of Cambridge. </li></ul> <p data-rte-fromparser="true"><br /> <!-- RTE::{"spaces":0,"type":"LINE_BREAK"} --><img data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22comment%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%3C%21--%5Cn%5B%5Bde%3AVentrikelsystem%5D%5D%5Cn%5B%5Bhe%3A%5Cu05d7%5Cu05d3%5Cu05e8%5Cu05d9%20%5Cu05d4%5Cu05de%5Cu05d5%5Cu05d7%5D%5D%5Cn%5B%5Bja%3A%5Cu5074%5Cu8133%5Cu5ba4%5D%5D%5Cn%5B%5Bnl%3AVentrikelstelsel%5D%5D%5Cn%5B%5Bro%3AVentriculii%20cerebrali%5D%5D%5Cn%5B%5Bsv%3AVentrikelsystemet%5D%5D%5Cn%5B%5Bpt%3ASistema%20ventricular%5D%5D%5Cn%5B%5Bpl%3AKomory%20m%25C3%25B3zgu%5D%5D%5Cn--%3E%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%7D" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" class="placeholder placeholder-comment" src="data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIABAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAEALAAAAAABAAEAQAICTAEAOw%3D%3D" type="comment" /> </p> <div class="placeholder placeholder-double-brackets" data-rte-instance="989-12344387555dea09e4ba70a" data-rte-meta="%7B%22type%22%3A%22double-brackets%22%2C%22wikitext%22%3A%22%7B%7BenWP%7CVentricular%20system%7D%7D%22%2C%22lineStart%22%3A%221%22%2C%22title%22%3A%22enWP%22%2C%22placeholder%22%3A1%7D" contenteditable="false">​​</div> <p /> <!-- Saved in parser cache with key psychology:rte-parser-cache:33372 --> Loading editor Neuroanatomy Central nervous system Cerebrum Cerebral cortex Ventricles Below are some commonly used wiki markup codes. Simply click on what you want to use and it will appear in the edit box above. Insert: – — … ° ≈ ≠ ≤ ≥ ± − × ÷ ← → · § Sign your username: ~~~~ Wiki markup: {{}} | [] [[]] [[Category:]] #REDIRECT [[]] <s></s> <sup></sup> <sub></sub> <code></code> <blockquote></blockquote> <ref></ref> {{Reflist}} <references/> <includeonly></includeonly> <noinclude></noinclude> {{DEFAULTSORT:}} <nowiki></nowiki> <!-- --> <span class="plainlinks"></span> Symbols: ~ | ¡ ¿ † ‡ ↔ ↑ ↓ • ¶ # ¹ ² ³ ½ ⅓ ⅔ ¼ ¾ ⅛ ⅜ ⅝ ⅞ ∞ ‘ “ ’ ” «» ¤ ₳ ฿ ₵ ¢ ₡ ₢ $ ₫ ₯ € ₠ ₣ ƒ ₴ ₭ ₤ ℳ ₥ ₦ № ₧ ₰ £ ៛ ₨ ₪ ৳ ₮ ₩ ¥ ♠ ♣ ♥ ♦ View this template This field is a spam trap. DO NOT fill it in! Edit summary Preview Mobile Desktop Show changes
