Frederick Herzberg

Background
Frederick Irving Herzberg (1923 - 2000) was an noted psychologist who became one of the most influential names in business management. He is possibly most famous for his work in job enrichment and Motivator-Hygiene theory. His 1975 publication "One More Time, How Do You Motivate Workers?" is still the most requested article from the Harvard Business Review.

Herzberg attended City College of New York, but left part way through his studies to enlist in the army. As a patrol sergeant, he was a first hand witness of the Dachau concentration camp. He believed that this experience, as well as the talks he had with other Germans living in the area was what triggered his interest in motivation. Herzberg graduated from City College in 1946 and moved to the University of Pittsburgh to undertake post-graduate studies in science and public health. He gained his PhD in electro shock therapy with a dissertation entitled "Prognostic variables for electroshock therapy". He started his research on the workplace while teaching as a professor of psychology at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland and later moved to the University of Utah where he held the position of professor of management in the college of business. (Feder 2000)

Two Factor Theory
Proposed the Two factor theory (1959) of human motivation in the workplace. According to his theory people are influenced by two factors:
 * Satisfaction and psychological growth are a result of motivation factors.
 * Dissatisfaction is a result of a lack of hygiene factors.

Hygiene:

 * Pay
 * Fringe Benefits
 * Relationship with co-workers
 * Physical Environment
 * Supervisor-Employee Relations

Motivators:

 * Challenge
 * Autonomy
 * Intrinsic Interests
 * Creative Opportunities