Cytoplasm

{{BioPsy}

Cytoplasm is a water-like substance that fills cells. The cytoplasm consists of cytosol and the cellular organelles, except the cell nucleus. The cytosol is made up of water, salts, organic molecules and many enzymes that catalyze reactions. The cytoplasm plays an important role in a cell, serving as a "molecular chowder" in which the organelles are suspended and held together by a fatty membrane. It is found within the plasma membrane of a cell and surrounds the nucleus and envelopes the organelles.

Function
The cytoplasm holds all of the cellular organelles outside of the nucleus and also maintains the shape and consistency of the cell. It is also a storage place for chemical substances indispensable to life, which are involved in vital [metabolism|metabolic] reactions, such as [anaerobic glycolysis] and [protein] [synthesis]it is made up of 80% water.

In bacteria, sequential chemical reactions take place in the cytoplasm and cell.

Components of the cytoplasm
The cytoplasm is composed of ions and soluble macromolecules like enzymes, carbohydrates, different salts and proteins, as well as a great proportion of RNA. The cytoplasm's watery component is also known as hyaloplasm.

It can be more or less water-like or liquid depending on the milieu's conditions and the activity phases of the cell. In the first case, it is named cytogel and is a viscous solid mass. In the second case, called cytosol, it acts like a liquid. In general, margin regions of the cell are water-like, and the cell's interior is RNA.

The organelles (such as the mitochondria, the chloroplast, lysosomes, peroxysomes, ribosomes, vacuoles, cytoskeletons, and complex cell membrane structures like the endoplasmic reticulums) in the cytoplasm are insoluble.

Differences between the animal and plant cytoplasms
While all cells possess cytoplasm, cells from different biological domains can differ widely in the characteristics of their cytoplasms. In the animal kingdom, cytoplasm occupies nearly half the cell's volume, while in plant cells, the cytoplasm occupies much less space because of the presence of vacuoles.


 * bn:সাইটোপ্লাজম

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