Drugs causing physical dependency

Threre are a large number of drugs associated with drug dependency, and addiction and stopping taking them can lead to withdrawal symptoms

Drugs that cause physical dependence

 * All µ-opioids with any (even slight) agonist effect, such as (partial list) morphine, heroin, codeine, oxycodone, buprenorphine, nalbuphine, methadone, and fentanil, but not agonists specific to non-µ opioid receptors, such as salvinorin A (a k-opioid agonist), nor opioid antagonists or inverse agonists, such as naltrexone (a universal opioid inverse agonist)
 * All GABA agonists and positive allosteric modulators of both the GABA-A ionotropic receptor and GABA-B metabotropic receptor subunits, of which the following drugs are examples (partial list):
 * alcohols such as ethyl alcohol (alcoholic beverage) (cf. alcohol dependence, alcohol withdrawal, delirium tremens)
 * barbiturates such as phenobarbital, sodium thiopental and secobarbital
 * benzodiazepines such as diazepam (Valium), lorazepam (Ativan), and alprazolam (Xanax) (see benzodiazepine dependence and benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome)
 * nonbenzodiazepines (z-drugs) such as zopiclone and zolpidem.
 * gamma-hydroxybutyric acid (GHB) and 1,4-butanediol
 * carisoprodol (Soma) and related carbamates (tybamate and meprobamate)
 * baclofen (Lioresal) and its non-chlorinated analogue phenibut
 * chloral hydrate
 * glutethimide
 * clomethiazole
 * methaqualone (Quaalude)
 * gabapentin (Neurontin) and pregabalin (Lyrica), calcium channel modifiers that affect GABA
 * antiepileptic drugs such as valproate, lamotrigine, tiagabine, vigabatrin, carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine, and topiramate
 * possibly neuroleptic drugs such as clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, haloperidol, thioridazine, etc.
 * commonly prescribed antidepressants such as the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) (cf. SSRI/SNRI withdrawal syndrome)
 * blood pressure medications, including beta blockers such as propanolol and alpha-adrenergic agonists such as clonidine
 * androgenic-anabolic steroids
 * glucocorticoids