Carbohydrate metabolism

Carbohydrate metabolism denotes the various biochemical processes responsible for the formation, breakdown and interconversion of carbohydrates in living organisms. It includes:
 * Carbon fixation, whereby CO2 is reduced to carbohydrate.
 * Glycolysis - the breakdown of the glucose molecule in order to obtain ATP
 * the Pentose phosphate pathway, which acts in the conversion of hexoses into pentoses and in NADPH regeneration.
 * Glycogenesis - the conversion of excess glucose into glycogen in order to prevent excessive osmotic pressure buildup inside the cell
 * Glycogenolysis - the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, in order to provide a steady level of glucose supply for glucose-dependent tissues.
 * Gluconeogenesis - de novo synthesis of glucose molecules from simple organic compounds