List of Russian physicians and psychologists

This list of Russian physicians and psychologists includes the famous physicians and psychologists, medical scientists and medical doctors from the [Russian Federation, the Soviet Union, the Russian Empire and other predecessor states of Russia. Physicians of all specialities may be listed here.

B

 * Aleksandr Bakulev, prominent cardiovascular surgery developer
 * Vladimir Bekhterev, neuropathologist, founder of objective psychology, noted the role of the hippocampus in memory, major contributor to reflexology, studied the Bekhterev’s DiseaseUSSR stamp N.Burdenko 1976 4k.jpg''']]
 * Vladimir Betz, discovered Betz cells of primary motor cortex
 * Peter Borovsky, described the causative agent of Oriental sore
 * Sergey Botkin, major therapist and court physician
 * Nikolay Burdenko, major developer of neurosurgery
 * Konstantin Buteyko, developed the Buteyko method for the treatment of asthma and other breathing disorders

C

 * Mikhail Chumakov, co-discovered tick-borne encephalitis, co-developed oral polio vaccine

D

 * Livery Darkshevich, neurologist, described the nucleus of posterior commissureIlizarov.jpg''']]
 * Vladimir Demikhov, major pioneer of transplantology

F

 * Vladimir Filatov, ophthalmologist, corneal transplantation pioneer
 * Svyatoslav Fyodorov, inventor of radial keratotomy

G

 * Oleg Gazenko, founder of space medicine, selected and trained Laika, the first space dog
 * Georgy Gause, inventor of gramicidin S and other antibiotics
 * Vera Gedroitz, the first female Professor of Surgery in the worldSergey Korsakov.jpg''']]
 * Ilya Gruzinov, found that vocal folds are the source of phonation

H

 * Waldemar Haffkine, invented the first vaccines against cholera and bubonic plague

I

 * Gavriil Ilizarov, invented Ilizarov apparatus, developed distraction osteogenesis

K

 * Nikolai Korotkov, invented auscultatory blood pressure measurement, pioneer of vascular surgeryIlya_Mechnikov_nobel.jpg''']]
 * Sergey Korsakov, studied the effects of alcoholism on the nervous system, described Korsakoff's syndrome, introduced paranoia concept
 * Aleksei Kozhevnikov, neurologist and psychiatrist, described the epilepsia partialis continua

L

 * Aleksey Leontyev, founder of activity theory in psychology
 * Peter Lesgaft, founder of the modern system of physical education in Russia
 * Alexander Luria, co-developer of activity theory and cultural-historical psychology, major researcher of aphasia

M

 * Ilya Mechnikov, pioneer researcher of immune system, probiotics and phagocytosis; coined the term gerontology, Nobel Prize in Medicine winnerIvan Pavlov (Nobel).png''']]
 * Lazar Minor, neurologist, described Minor's disease

N

 * Pyotr Nikolsky, dermatologist, discoveror of Nikolsky's sign

O

 * Alexey Olovnikov, predicted existence of Telomerase, suggested the Telomere hypothesis of aging and the Telomere relations to cancer

P

 * Ivan Pavlov, founder of modern physiology, the first to research classical conditioning, influenced comparative psychology and behaviorism by his works on reflexes, Nobel Prize in Medicine winner
 * Nikolay Pirogov, pioneer of ether anaesthesia and modern field surgery, the first to perform anaesthesia in the field conditions, invented a number of surgical operationsIlya Repin Portrait of the Surgeon Nikolay Pirogov 1881.jpg''']]
 * Viktor Protopopov, founder of his own pathophysiological school of thought, namesake of Protopopov's syndrome

R

 * Leonid Rogozov, performed an appendectomy on himself during the 6th Soviet Antarctic Expedition, a famous case of self-surgery
 * Grigory Rossolimo, pioneer of child neuropsychology
 * Vladimir Roth, neuropathologist, described meralgia paraesthetica

S

 * Ivan Sechenov, founder of electrophysiology and neurophysiology, author of the classic work Reflexes of the Brain
 * Vladimir Serbsky, founder of forensic psychiatry in Russia
 * Nikolay Sklifosovskiy, prominent 19th century field surgeon
 * Lina Stern, pioneer researcher of blood–brain barrierSechenov.jpg''']]

U

 * Fyodor Uglov, the oldest practicing surgeon in history

V

 * Alexander Varshavsky, researched ubiquitination, Wolf Prize in Medicine winner
 * Vikenty Veresayev, Russian/Soviet doctor, author of Memoirs of a Physician
 * Luka Voyno-Yasenetsky, founder of purulent surgery, saint
 * Lev Vygotsky, founder of cultural-historical psychology, major contributor to child development and psycholinguistics, introduced zone of proximal development and cultural mediation concepts

W

 * Josias Weitbrecht, the first to describe the construction and function of intervertebral discs

Y

 * Sergei Yudin, inventor of cadaveric blood transfusion

Z

 * Alexander Zalmanov, developer of turpentine bath therapy
 * Alexander Zaporozhets, developmental psychologist, collaborator of Vygotsky, Luria, and Leontiev, once head of the Kharkov School of Psychology
 * Bluma Zeigarnik, psychiatrist, discovered the Zeigarnik effect, founded experimental psychopathology