Procedures for dealing with ethical issues

In addressing ethical decisions public consultation with collegues and transparent decision making and action are the key.


 * 1) Identify the relevant issues
 * What are the parameters of the situation
 * Is there research evidence that might be relevant
 * What legal guidance exists?
 * What do peers advise?


 * 1) Identify the clients and other stakeholders and consider or obtain their views.


 * 1) Evaluate the rights, responsibilities and welfare of all clients and stakeholders.


 * 1) Use your relevant Code of Ethics to identify the principles involved.


 * 1) Generate the alternative decisions preferably in consultation with others.
 * 1) Establish a cost/risk-benefit analysis to include both short- and long-term consequences.


 * 1) Make the decision after checking that the reasoning behind it is logical, lucid and consistent. Document the process of decision making.


 * 1) Assume responsibility and monitor any outcomes.


 * 1) Apologise for any negative outcomes that result. Many formal complaints are often a client's only way of obtaining an acknowledgement of distress. Saving 'sorry' does not automatically admit liability.


 * 1) Make every effort to correct any negative outcomes and remain engaged in the process.


 * 1) Learn from the process for yourself, for others and for your professional body.


 * 1) The thinking behind ethical decisions needs to be clear, especially where time is short and/or where high levels of emotion and risk are involved.