Intuition

Intuition has many related meanings, including:


 * Quick and ready insight seemingly independent of previous experiences or empirical knowledge
 * Immediate apprehension or cognition, that is, knowledge or conviction without consideration, thought, or inference.
 * Understanding without apparent effort
 * Intuition (MBTI) is one of the four axes of the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, opposite "Sensing".
 * Intuition (game) - "The Game You Already Know" was a board game produced in Toronto Canada for a few years in the early 1990s by the company "Applied Intuition" and sold in the U.S. and Canada.

The verb intuit means to grasp by intuition. Intuition is trans-intellectual, while instinct is pre-intellectual.

Intuition as form of knowledge
Intuition is an unconscious form of knowledge. It is immediate and often not open to rational/analytical thought processes. Rationalisation of an intuition and the development of a chain of logic to demonstrate more structurally why it is valid may follow later.

Intuition differs from an opinion since the latter is based on experience, while an intuition is held to be affected by previous experiences only unconsciously. Intuition is also said to differ from instinct, which does not have the experience element at all. A person who has an intuitive opinion cannot immediately fully explain why he or she holds that view. Intuition is not limited to opinions but can encompass the ability to know valid solutions to problems.

Intuition has advantages in solving complex problems and finding new results.

Intuition is one source of common sense. It can also help in induction to gain empirical knowledge. Sources of intuition are feeling, experiences and knowledge.

An important intuitive method is brainstorming.

Intuition does not mean to find a solution immediately, though it does mean the solution comes unexplicably. Sometimes it helps to sleep one night. There is an old Russian maxim: "The morning is wiser than the evening" ("&#1059;&#1090;&#1088;&#1086; &#1074;&#1077;&#1095;&#1077;&#1088;&#1072; &#1084;&#1091;&#1076;&#1088;&#1077;&#1085;&#1085;&#1077;&#1077;").

Intuition plays a key role in Romanticism, and it is the highest form of skill acquisition in the Dreyfus and Dreyfus model.

Intuition in philosophy
In the philosophy of Immanuel Kant, intuition is one of the basic cognitive faculties, equivalent to what might loosely be called perception. Kant held that our mind casts all of our external intuitions in the form of space, and all of our internal intuitions (memory, thought) in the form of time.

Intuitionism is a position in philosophy of mathematics derived from Kant's claim that all mathematical knowledge is knowledge of the pure forms of the intuition.

Intuitionistic logics are a class of logics, devised and advanced by Arend Heyting and Luitzen Egbertus Jan Brouwer and more recently by Michael Dummett, to accommodate intuitionism about mathematics (as well as anti-realism more generally). These logics are characterized by rejecting the law of excluded middle: as a consequence they do not in general accept rules such as disjunctive syllogism and reductio ad absurdum. Intuitionism is a form of constructivism.

A situation which is or appears to be true but violates our intuition is called a paradox (a paradox can also be a logical self-contradiction). An example of this is the Birthday paradox.

A few systems act in a counter-intuitive way. Attempts to change such systems often lead to unintended consequences.