Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann



Alfred Wilhelm Volkmann (1 July 1801 – 21 April 1877) was a German physiologist, anatomist, and philosopher. He specialized in the study of the nervous and optic systems.

Biography
He was born in Leipzig, and studied there from 1821, and in 1826 he obtained his doctorate. In 1828 he was habilitated as Privatdozent at the University of Leipzig. It was there that he became professor extraordinary of zootomy in 1834. In 1837 he went to Dorpat as professor of physiology, pathology and semiotics. However, his residence in Dorpat was short: he left for Halle as early as 1843. In 1854 Volkmann assumed as well the teaching of anatomy, until 1872, when physiology was branched off and given to Julius Bernstein.

In 1872, after his fiftieth doctoral jubilee he retired completely from his university activities. He died in Halle.

Research
Today, he is most remembered for his additions to the physiology of the nervous system and physiological optics. In 1842 he demonstrated that sympathetic nerves were largely made up of medullated fibres arising from sympathetic and spinal ganglia. However, he also delineated and identified numerous features of gross anatomy, including Volkmann's Channels. Additionally, Volkmann was an evangelical who opposed materialism and gave a number of speeches against the materialist assumption of identity between the body and mind.

Works

 * Anatomy of Animals (1831–33)
 * The Independence of the Sympathetic System of Nerves (1842)
 * Elasticity of Muscles (1856)
 * Physiological Researches in the Department of Optics (1863–64)

Family
Richard von Volkmann, his son, became a distinguished surgeon.