Dual process models of recognition memory

In recognition memory, the Dual process models of recognition memory propose that recognition arises from the activation of two processes a recollection process and a familiarity proces.

An early model of dual process theories was suggested by Atkinson and Juola's (1973) model. In this theory, the familiarity process would be the first to be activated as a fast search for recognition. If that is unsuccessful in retrieving the memory trace, then there is a more forced search into the long-term memory store. The "horse-race" model is a more recent view of dual process theories. This view suggests that the two processes of familiarity and recollection occur simultaneously, but that familiarity, being the faster process, completes the search before recollection. This view holds true the idea that familiarity is an unconscious process whereas recollection is more conscious, thoughtful.