Attachment theory and agoraphobia

Some scholars (e.g., Liotti 1996, Bowlby 1998)  have explained agoraphobia as an attachment deficit, i.e., the temporary loss of the ability to tolerate spatial separations from a secure base.

References
 * G. Liotti, (1996). Insecure attachment and agoraphobia, in: C. Murray-Parkes, J. Stevenson-Hinde, & P. Marris (Eds.). Attachment Across the Life Cycle.
 * J. Bowlby, (1998). Attachment and Loss (Vol. 2: Separation)