Guillaume Duchenne

Guillaume Benjamin Amand Duchenne (born September 17, 1806 in Boulogne; died September 15, 1875) was a French neurologist. Duchenne was educated at Douai and studied medicine in Paris before returning to his hometown to put his profession to practice in 1831. By 1833 he had begun trying electricity as a form of treatment on fishermen, a force that he continued to experiment with throughout the course of his life, in effect making him the father of electro-therapeutics. In 1842 he returned to Paris and there spent the remained of his life working on developing his clinical techniques. Through electricity he also determined that smiles resulting from true happiness not only utilize the muscles of the mouth but also those of the eyes. Such "genuine" smiles are called Duchenne smiles in his honor. He is also credited with the discovery of Duchenne muscular dystrophy.

Some of his other works include:
 * Functional electrical stimulation as a localization test in Neurological examination.
 * tabetic locomotor ataxia
 * acute poliomyelitis
 * identified pseudohypertrophic muscle dystrophy
 * identified progressive bulbar paralysis
 * studies into lead poisoning