Absence seizure

In medicine, there are many kinds of generalized seizures. In absence seizures, the person may appear to be staring into space and/or have jerking or twitching muscles. These seizures are sometimes referred to as petit mal seizures, which is an older term. These periods last for seconds, or even tens of seconds. Those experiencing absence seizures sometimes move from one location to another without any purpose.

Types
Note that not all seizures are caused by epilepsy. Epilepsy is the most common cause of recurrent seizures, but most seizures are single events that do not recur. Single seizures can be caused by blows to the head, fever (febrile seizures), reactions to medications, tumors, or as a symptom of a larger disease, among other causes.

Just as there are many different kinds of seizures, there are many different kinds of epilepsy. Doctors have identified hundreds of different epilepsy syndromes - disorders characterized by a specific set of symptoms that include epilepsy. Some of these syndromes appear to be hereditary. For other syndromes, the cause is unknown. Epilepsy syndromes are frequently described by their symptoms or by where in the brain they originate. People should discuss the implications of their type of epilepsy with their doctors to understand the full range of symptoms, the possible treatments, and the prognosis.

Presentation
People with absence epilepsy have repeated absence seizures that cause momentary lapses of consciousness. These seizures almost always begin in childhood or adolescence, and they tend to run in families, suggesting that they may be genetic. Some people with absence seizures have purposeless movements during their seizures, such as a jerking arm or rapidly blinking eyes. Others have no noticeable symptoms except for brief times when they are "out of it." Immediately after a seizure, the person can resume whatever he or she was doing. These seizures can happen a few times a day or in some cases hundreds of times a day to the point that the person cannot concentrate in school or other situations. Childhood absence epilepsy usually stops when the child reaches puberty. Absence seizures usually have no lasting effect on intelligence or other brain functions.

It is well known that bright lights, loud noises, and other strong sensory stimuli may trigger seizure episodes.

It is interesting to note that a person having an absence seizure shows no emotional expressions during the absent period. This indicates that a certain level of consciousness and arousal are needed to experience emotions.

Treatment
Anticonvulsant drugs help minimize the number of seizures episodes. Petit mal seizures respond well to valproic acid (trade name: Depakote), ethosuximide, and clonazepam.

Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy has also proven beneficial.