Parietal lobe

The parietal lobe is a lobe in the brain. It is positioned above (superior to) the occipital lobe and behind (posterior to) the frontal lobe.

Anatomy


The central sulcus separates the parietal lobe from the frontal lobe, and the parieto-occipital sulcus separates the parietal and occipital lobe.

The parietal lobe can be subdivided into the superior parietal lobule and the inferior parietal lobule with the two separated by the intraparietal sulcus.

The parietal operculum forms the superior wall of sylvian fissure.

It includes Brodmann areas 3, 5, 7, 39 and 40.

Function
The parietal lobe plays important roles in integrating sensory information from various senses, and in the manipulation of objects. Portions of the parietal lobe are involved with visuospatial processing. Much less is known about this lobe than the other three in the cerebrum.

Various studies in the 1990's found that different regions of the parietal cortex in Macaques represent different parts of space.
 * The ventral intraparietal (VIP) area contains a map of space within roughly 5cm of the mouth.
 * The medial intraparietal (MIP) area maps space within range of the Macaque's reach. Interestingly, this map changes if the monkey is given a tool to increase its reach.
 * The anterior intraparietal (AIP) helps map object location and shape into grasping coordinates.

Pathology
Gerstmann's syndrome is associated with lesion to the dominant (usually left) parietal lobe. Balint's syndrome is associated with bilateral lesions. The syndrome of hemispatial neglect is usually associated with large lesions of the non-dominant hemisphere.

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