Human anatomy

Human anatomy or anthropotomy is a special field within anatomy. It studies gross structures and systems of the human body, leaving the study of tissues to histology and cells to cytology. The human body, like the bodies of all animals, consists of systems, that consist of organs, that consist of tissues, that consist of cells.

See History of anatomy for a history of anatomy, including human anatomy.

Human organ systems

 * Cardiovascular system: blood circulations with heart and blood vessels
 * Digestive system: processing food with mouth, stomach and intestines
 * Endocrine system: communicating within the body using hormones
 * Immune system: defending against disease-causing agents
 * Integumentary system: skin, hair and nails
 * Lymphatic system: structures involved in the transfer of lymph between tissues and the bloodstream
 * Muscular system: moving the body
 * Nervous system: collecting, transferring and processing information with brain and nerves
 * Reproductive system: the sex organs
 * Respiratory system: the organs used for breathing, the lungs
 * Skeletal system: structural support and protection through bones
 * Urinary system: the kidneys and associated structures involved in the production and excretion of urine

External features
Common names of well known parts of the human body, from top to bottom :
 * Skin
 * Head -- Forehead -- Eye -- Ear -- Nose -- Mouth -- Tongue -- Teeth -- Jaw -- Face -- Cheek -- Chin
 * Neck -- Throat -- Adam's apple -- Shoulders
 * Arm -- Elbow -- Wrist -- Hand -- Fingers -- Thumb
 * Spine -- Chest -- Breast -- Ribcage
 * Abdomen -- Belly button -- Sex organs (Penis/Scrotum or Clitoris/Vagina) -- Rectum -- Anus
 * Hip -- Buttocks -- Leg -- Thigh -- Knee -- Calf -- Heel -- Ankle -- Foot -- Toes

Internal organs
Common names of internal organs (in alphabetical order) :
 * Adrenals -- Appendix -- Bladder -- Brain -- Duodenum -- Eyes -- Gall bladder -- Heart -- Intestines -- Kidney -- Liver-- Lungs -- Ovaries -- Pancreas -- Parathyroids -- Pituitary -- Prostate -- Spleen -- Stomach -- Thymus -- Thyroid -- Testicles -- Womb

Anatomy of the brain

 * Amygdala -- Brainstem -- Cerebellum -- Cerebral cortex -- Hypothalamus -- Limbic system -- medulla-- midbrain --  Pituitary gland  -- pons
 * See also: Human brain, List of regions in the human brain

Studying human anatomy
Certain professions, especially medicine and physiotherapy, require the study of human anatomy in depth. Textbooks usually split the body into the following regional groups:
 * Head and Neck - includes everything above the thoracic inlet
 * Upper limb - includes everything from your hand, forearm, arm, shoulder, axilla, pectoral region and scapular region.
 * Thorax - contains the region of the chest from the thoracic inlet to the thoracic diaphragm.
 * Abdomen - everything from the thoracic diaphragm to the pelvic brim or to the pelvic inlet.
 * The back - about the spine and its components, the intervertebral disks and bodies
 * Pelvis and Perineum - the pelvis consists of everything from the pelvic inlet to the pelvic diaphragm. The perineum is everything below the pelvic diaphragm.
 * Lower limb - the lower limb is usually everything below the inguinal ligament, including the thigh, the hip joint, the leg, and the foot.