Stigma

Social stigma refers to severe social disapproval of personal characteristics or beliefs that are against cultural norms. Social stigma often leads to marginalization.

Examples of social stigmas are physical or mental disabilities and disorders, as well as homosexuality or affiliation with a specific nationality, religion or ethnicity. Criminality carries a strong social stigma.

Papers

 * Goffman, Erving, 1963: Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity. Prentice-Hall. ISBN 0-671-62244-7

Papers

 * Google Scholar