Psychology Wiki:Stub

Stubs are Psychology Wiki entries that have not yet received substantial attention from the editors of Psychology Wiki, and do not yet contain enough sufficient information on their subject matter. In other words, they are short or insufficient pieces of information and require additions to further increase Wikipedia's usefulness. The community values stubs as useful first steps toward complete articles. Anyone can complete them.

The objective of this article is to provide a general guide for dealing with stubs. The first section, Essential information, contains basic information. The second half, Additional information contains more specialist material.

Essential information
A stub is an article that is too short to be genuinely useful, but not so short as to be useless. In general, it must be long enough to at least define the article's title, which generally means 3 to 10 short sentences. Note that even a longer article on a complicated topic may be a stub; conversely, a short article on a topic of narrow scope may not be a stub. However in reality many articles which are labelled as stubs are much longer than that. You can help Wikipedia by removing inappropriate stub notices.

Another way to define a stub is an article so incomplete that an editor who knows little or nothing about the topic could improve its content after a superficial Web search or a few minutes in a reference library. An article that can be improved by only a rather knowledgeable editor, or after significant research, may not be a stub.

Sizeable articles which lack wikification or copy editing are generally not considered stubs, and the normal procedure is for one of the cleanup tags to be added to them, instead. Note that small articles with little information may end up being nominated for deletion or be merged into another relevant article. Wikipedia is not a dictionary, but has a sister project—the Wiktionary—which is. If your article is very short consider either moving it to the Wiktionary or, even better, adding some more information to it.

Removing stub status
Once a stub has been properly expanded and becomes an article rather than just a stub, you or any editor may remove the stub tag from it. No administration action or formal permission is needed.

Categorizing stubs
After writing or finding the short article, the editor should insert what is called a stub template, which makes it possible for the article to be flagged as a stub. By convention, these stub templates should be placed near the bottom of the article. Because the stub identification is rendered on an article page prior to hardcoded items like categories and inter-Wiki language links, the template is usually placed at the end of the article proper, after the External links section if it exists, but before categories or inter-Wiki links. However, since the stub category is the least important of the article's categories, some Wikipedians prefer to place the template after the category tags, so that the stub category will appear last.

Stub templates are composed of two distinct parts: first, a short message stating that said article is a stub of a particular kind and encouraging editors to expand it; second, a category link, which places the article in a stub category, together with other stubs with the same subject as it.

The need for stub categories arose when the main stub category—stub—became so full that it got quite hard to find articles on a specific topic. With stub categories, if an editor is, for example, a biologist, he or she can look for articles with the tag biology-stub on said category and easily find stubs to which they can add, subtract, modify, etc.

In general, the naming convention for stub templates is topic-stub; for a complete list of these templates, refer to WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types. When marking articles as stubs, please be as precise and accurate as you possibly can. It saves other editors a lot of work further down the road. If an article overlaps a number of potential categories, more than one stub template may be used, but it is strongly recommended that only those relating to the subject's main notability be used. In cases such as biographies, it is also desirable to indicate the subject's nationality. This may be in the form of an additional template, such as Egypt-bio-stub, or as a refinement of another template, for example US-artist-stub. Stub-related activities are centralized on WikiProject Stub sorting (shortcut WP:WSS). The project should be your main reference when it comes to this subject.

Ideal stub article
When you write a stub article, it is important to bear in mind that its main interest is to be expanded, and that thus it ideally contains enough information to give a basis for other editors to expand upon. Your initial research may be done either through books or through a reliable search engine such as Google, Yahoo!, Clusty or MSN Search. You may also contribute with knowledge you have acquired from other sources, but it is useful to conduct a small amount of research beforehand, in order to make sure that your version of the facts is correct and from a neutral point of view.

Begin by giving a definition or description of the topic in question. Avoid fallacies of definition. Since at times definitions are impossible, you should write a clear and informative description of the subject. State, for example, what a person is famous for, where a place is located and what it is known for, or state the basic details of an event and when it happened.

Next, you should try to expand this basic definition. The previously mentioned research methods will often fetch you enough information for you to be able to expose the basic points of the subject. Once you have a couple of well-structured and well-written sentences, you should internally link relevant words, so that users unfamiliar with the specifics of a subject can understand what is written on the article. Avoid linking words needlessly; in case you are in doubt, you should use the preview button and try reading the article from the point of view of somebody who has had no exposure to information regarding the subject. If no word seems hard to comprehend or relevant enough, simply do not link anything.

Once you have submitted the article, there are a number of courses it may take. An editor might get interested in it and develop it further, or you could expand it yourself once you have found greater information about the subject or once you have more free time on your hands.

Anyone can contribute to complete the stub.

Locating stubs

 * Category: Stub categories the main list of stub categories and of articles contained within them


 * Category: Stubs deprecated, but still receives a few articles periodically


 * Stubsensor a script which detects long articles with the stub tag attached to them and is used to organize periodic cleanup projects


 * Most wanted stubs


 * Shortpages

New stub categories
If you identify a group of stubs that do not fit in an existing category, or if an existing stub category is growing too large and might be optimized by creating a narrower category, you might propose the creation of a new stub category. Proposed new stub types are debated at WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals. Before you propose a new stub category, make sure you consider these six guidelines:


 * 1) Is there a stub for this topic already?
 * Check the list.
 * 1) Will the new category be well-defined enough to help editors identify articles that they have the expertise to expand?
 * Remember that using stubs categories is a way to facilitate article expansion.
 * 1) Does the new category cover ground not covered by other categories, or create a well-defined subcategory that does?
 * A new category might fit as a subcategory of more than one existing category, such as in the case of Baseballbio-stub, which is a child of both Sportbio-stub and Baseball-stub.
 * 1) Will there be a significant number of stubs in this category; are there enough article stubs to warrant this new type?
 * Typically the threshold ranges from 100 to 300 articles. This threshold is waived if the stub category exists as a tool for use by a WikiProject. In general any new category must have at least 60 articles.
 * 1) Would your new category overlap with other categories?
 * For example, geography stubs are sorted by country so you wouldn&#8217;t want to create mountain-stub or river-stub.
 * 1) If you are breaking a subcategory out of a pre-existing category, will the new stub reduce the size of the parent category by a significant amount?
 * This is not an absolute necessity, but it has been a driver for the creation of most of the existing stub categories.

If you think you have satisfied these guidelines, propose the new stub category at WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals. If there are no objections within a week, you can go ahead and create the new stub category.

Creating the stub template
NB: do not create new stub types prior to discussing them at WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals.

Once the creation has been agreed upon, you will need to create the template which will be displayed on the articles which contain the stub. This should be named logically, following this model: Template: topic-stub. For more information please refer to this article.

This is the basic format for new stub templates:

You might find use in pasting this code into the new template and customizing it by inserting different text into it. Replacing the letters A and B as such:
 * A: The stub topic goes into this field. For example, Road. The topic must have a developed article, and thus not be another stub.
 * B: This should be replaced by a proper category, so that the stub will automatically be listed together with other stubs of its kind. Continuing with the previous example, you would replace B with Road. When the page is saved, a new template will have been created. In this example, road-stub.

It is also possible to automate the procedure of creating new stub templates somewhat by using the following syntax:

This will produce a message saying "This A-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it" and will put stubs in category named "B stubs", just like the above manual method.

It is also possible to add a small image to the stub template (the "stub icon"). However, this is discouraged because it increases the strain on the Wikipedia servers. If you still wish to use images, apply formatting such as that provided by MetaPicstub (and remember to use it with the subst: prefix). Also the image must be either in the public domain or have a free license. Wikipedia policy is that fair use images are not to be used in any templates and that of course includes stub templates.

Section stub
You can add   to the empty section, below the section name. See Help:Section.

Creating the stub category
NB: do not create new stub categories prior to discussing them at WikiProject Stub sorting/Proposals.

Next, you will need to create a category to hold the articles which will have the new stub tag attached to them. Do this before you add your new template to any articles.

To start editing it, you should follow the red category link on the stub template you have created. In this case, it would appear as Category:Road stubs. Here is the basic format for stub categories:


 * A: Insert the description of the category here. In this case it would be roads, you can expand the description by adding additional terms. So you could, for example, add road transportation.


 * B: Insert the name of the new stub here.


 * C: Insert the name of an appropriate higher level non-stub category, for this example it would be road transport.

This syntax does four things, it:


 * 1) adds the  Category: Road stubs to  Category: Stub categories


 * 1) provides a description of the category


 * 1) displays the stub text


 * 1) inserts this category into a higher level category, in this case the Category:Road stubs will be a member of Category:Road transport.

Thus, in this example, the formatting would look like this:

It is also advisable to add it to a larger stub category, if an appropriate one exists. For Category: Road stubs, no such category exists however.

In order to increase the category's effectiveness and visibility, it is generally advisable to add your category to several categories. For example, this would add it to the Roads category:

When you are done, it is important that you make sure that the new stub and the new stub category are linked correctly to other categories. Using the road-stub as an example, the road-stub category needs to be a member of Category: Stub categories (because it's a stub category) and Category:Roads (because it is a category consisting of roads). If your new category has been made from part of an existing stub category or categories, these should also be listed here (so, for example, Category:France geography stubs should be part of Category: France stubs and  Category: Europe geography stubs).

At this point, you should add the new stub category to this list:  WikiProject Stub sorting/Stub types

Once the new stub category is approved by the WP:WSS (which should normally be done before it is created), to make clear that it underwent the mandatory revision process and was approved by means of consensus, add the WPSS-cat template to the category page.

If you have some doubts or comments regarding any part of the process, do not hesitate to address them here.

Stub articles on other Wikis
A link with (T) will denote the template.


 * stub on the GP2X Wiki (T)


 * Uncyclopedia (T)


 * Wikibooks (T)


 * Wiktionary (T)


 * Polish Wikipedia (T)

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