The Culture of Narcissism

The Culture of Narcissism: American Life in an Age of Diminishing Expectations is a 1979 book by the cultural historian Christopher Lasch (1932–1994) exploring the roots and ramifications of the normalizing of pathological narcissism in 20th century American culture using psychological, cultural, artistic and historical synthesis.

Overview
The book proposes that post-war, late-capitalist America, through the effects of "organized kindness" on the traditional family structure, has produced a personality-type consistent with clinical definitions of "pathological narcissism". This pathology is not akin to everyday narcissism — a hedonistic egoism — but rather a very weak sense of self requiring constant external validation. For Lasch, "pathology represents a heightened version of normality." Lasch locates symptoms of this personality-disorder in the radical political movements of the 1960s (such as the Weather Underground), as well as in the spiritual cults and movements of the 1970s, from est to Rolfing. Behaviors such as streaking, theatrical illusion in contemporary drama, and a fascination with oral sex are evidence of long-term personality disintegration.

The book builds its thesis from Lasch's idiosyncratic political views and encyclopedic grasp of U.S. social and economic history, the then-current world of arts and letters, and clinical research and psychological theories on narcissistic personality disorders. As the utopian visions of the sixties faded into the "personal growth" lifestyles of the seventies, the chaos and excess of the former began to imprint itself on the public mind.

Reaction
An early response to The Culture of Narcissism commented that Lasch had identified the outcomes in American society of the decline of the family over the previous century. The book quickly became a bestseller and a talking point, being further propelled to success after Lasch notably visited Camp David to advise President Carter for his "crisis of confidence" speech of 15 July 1979. Later editions include a new afterword, "The Culture of Narcissism Revisited".

The book has been commonly misused by liberals and conservatives alike, citing it for their own ideological agendas. Author Louis Menand wrote: "Lasch was not saying that things were better in the 1950s, as conservatives offended by countercultural permissiveness probably took him to be saying. He was not saying that things were better in the 1960s, as former activists disgusted by the 'me-ism' of the seventies are likely to have imagined. He was diagnosing a condition that he believed had originated in the nineteenth century." Lasch attempted to correct many of these misapprehensions with The Minimal Self in 1984.

Sample Editions

 * New York: Norton, 1979. ISBN 0393011771
 * New York: Warner Books, 1980. ISBN 0446974951
 * New York: Norton; Revised edition (May 1991). ISBN 978-0393307382