Physiological psychology: Motivation

In psychology, motivation refers to the initiation, direction, intensity and persistence of behavior (Geen, 1995). Motivation is a temporal and dynamic state that should not be confused with personality or emotion. Motivation is having the desire and willingness to do something. A motivated person can be reaching for a long-term goal such as becoming a professional writer or a more short-term goal like learning how to spell a particular word. Personality invariably refers to more or less permanent characteristics of an individual's state of being (e.g., shy, extrovert, conscientious). As opposed to motivation, emotion refers to temporal states that do not immediately link to behavior (e.g., anger, grief, happiness).

Contents [hide] 1 History of the concept 2 Biological psychology of drives 2.1 Drive theory 3 Regulation of behavior 3.1 Rewards and incentives 3.1.1 Intrinsic motivation 3.1.2 Extrinsic motivation 3.2 Telic and Paratelic motivational modes 3.3 Punishment 3.4 Aggression 3.5 Stress 3.6 Secondary goals 3.7 Coercion 4 Social and self regulation 4.1 Self control 4.1.1 Maslow's theory 4.1.2 Herzberg’s two factor theory 4.1.3 Alderfer’s ERG theory 4.2 Cognitive dissonance 4.3 Self-determination theory 4.4 McClelland's achievement motivation theory 4.5 Goal-setting theory 5 Controlling motivation 5.1 Early programming 5.2 Organization 5.3 Drugs 6 Applications 6.1 Education 6.2 Business 6.2.1 Scientific management 6.2.2 Human relations model 7 See also 8 References 9 External links